Evaluation of leptin concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement and its correlation to the rate of tooth movement

Srinivasan, Bhadrinath; Chitharanjan, Arun B; Kailasam, Vignesh; Lavu, Vamsi; Vani, G.

doi:10.4103/jos.jos_58_18

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This was followed by a decrease, which ended after one month below the initial concentration. Furthermore, a clear positive correlation was observed between leptin concentration in the sulcus fluid and speed of tooth movement [30]. This could be one reason why faster tooth movement is observed in overweight children and adolescents [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Impact of Leptin on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Mechanical Strain

Schröder

Meyer

Spanier

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusions leads to the formation of pressure zones in the periodontal ligament resulting in a sterile inflammatory reaction, which is mediated by periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF). Leptin levels are elevated in obesity and chronic inflammatory responses. In view of the increasing number of orthodontic patients with these conditions, insights into effects on orthodontic treatment are of distinct clinical relevance. A possible influence of leptin on the expression profile of PDLF during simulated orthodontic mechanical strain, however, has not yet been investigated. In this study, PDLF were exposed to mechanical strain with or without different leptin concentrations. The gene and protein expression of proinflammatory and bone-remodelling factors were analysed with RT-qPCR, Western-blot and ELISA. The functional analysis of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis was analysed by TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) staining in coculture with human macrophages. Pressure-induced increase of proinflammatory factors was additionally elevated with leptin treatment. PDLF significantly increased RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand) expression after compression, while osteoprotegerin was downregulated. An additional leptin effect was demonstrated for RANKL as well as for subsequent osteoclastogenesis in coculture after TRAP staining. Our results suggest that increased leptin concentrations, as present in obese patients, may influence orthodontic tooth movement. In particular, the increased expression of proinflammatory factors and RANKL as well as increased osteoclastogenesis can be assumed to accelerate bone resorption and thus the velocity of orthodontic tooth movement in the orthodontic treatment of obese patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Bone remodelling is essential for orthodontic tooth movement. With this in mind, the concentration of leptin in the sulcus fluid during orthodontic treatment has already been investigated [29,30]. An increase in leptin concentration was observed during the first phase of tooth movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Leptin on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Mechanical Strain

Schröder

Meyer

Spanier

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that leptin can directly interact with cementoblasts and influence their biological response to compressive forces. Clinical studies have described that the levels of leptin present in crevicular fluid drastically vary during orthodontically induced tooth movement, suggesting that leptin-leptin receptor interactions could play a biological role on this process [ 18 , 19 ]. Immunohistological analysis performed on primates has shown that leptin receptors are widely expressed in the junctional epithelium and in mineralizing areas of the periodontal ligament [ 20 ], as well as it has been demonstrated that the gingiva can directly release soluble leptin receptors into crevicular fluid [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin reduces in vitro cementoblast mineralization and survival as well as induces PGE2 release by ERK1/2 commitment

et al. 2020

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Objectives Juvenile obesity is a complex clinical condition that is present more and more frequently in the daily orthodontic practice. Over-weighted patients have an impaired bone metabolism, due in part to their increased levels of circulating adipokines. Particularly, leptin has been reported to play a key role in bone physiology. Leptin is ubiquitously present in the body, including blood, saliva, and crevicular fluid. If, and to what extent, it could influence the reaction of cementoblasts during orthodontic-induced forces is yet unknown. Material and methods OCCM-30 cementoblasts were cultivated under compressive forces using different concentrations of leptin. The expression of ObR, Runx-2, Osteocalcin, Rank-L, Sost, Caspase 3, 8, and 9 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Western blots were employed for protein analysis. The ERK1/2 antagonist FR180204 (Calbiochem) was used and cPLA2 activation, PGE2, and cytochrome C release were further evaluated. Results In vitro, when compressive forces are applied, leptin promotes ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as upregulates PGE2 and caspase 3 and caspase 9 on OCCM cells. Blockade of ERK1/2 impairs leptin-induced PGE2 secretion and reduced caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression. Conclusions Leptin influences the physiological effect of compressive forces on cementoblasts, exerting in vitro a proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic effect. Clinical relevance Our findings indicate that leptin exacerbates the physiological effect of compressive forces on cementoblasts promoting the release of PGE2 and increases the rate of cell apoptosis, and thus, increased levels of leptin may influence the inflammatory response during orthodontically induced tooth movement.

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“…It is assumed that manipulating food is more difficult (68) and total food consumption might be lower (67) compared to children without wearing a dental brace. One previous study has reported mean body weight to significantly decrease during orthodontic treatment (from pre-treatment to 1 month into treatment), predominantly due to discomfort, however the study was of a limited size (n = 30) and in adults rather than children (66) Furthermore, a previous study found that increasing leptinlevels were reported in adults with orthodontic appliances, which might also lead to lower appetite and therefore to reduced food intake (69) and might contribute to a reduced BMI. In this context previous orthodontic research has found that adolescents with obesity had an increased initial tooth displacement and a higher rate of tooth movement compared to a normal-weight group, and it has been proposed that this may affect the treatment period (70)(71)(72), and therefore it is perhaps unsurprising that we found a difference in BMI related to wearing a dental brace.…”

Section: Weight Status and Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intake of Fibre-Associated Foods and Texture Preferences in Relation to Weight Status Among 9–12 Years Old Children in 6 European Countries

et al. 2021

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Plant foods, rich in fibre, can offer textures that children find difficult to orally manipulate, resulting in low preferences but are important for a healthy diet and prevention of overweight in children. Our aim was to investigate preferences for food texture, intake of fibre-associated foods and the relation to BMI. Three hundred thirty European children (9–12 years, 54% female) indicated their texture preferences using the Child-Food-Texture-Preference- Questionnaire (CFTPQ), and their parents responded on fibre-associated food consumption and anthropometric information. BMI was significantly lower for children with higher intake of wholegrain alternatives of common foods; in addition to being significantly influenced by country and the wearing of a dental brace. Overall BMI-for-age-percentiles (BMI_pct) were negatively associated with the consumption of wholegrain cereals, white pasta and wholemeal products and positively associated with the intake of legumes and white biscuits. In males, BMI_pct were negatively associated with wholegrain products and dried fruits, and in females, positively with legume consumption. A few country-related associations were found for BMI_pct and wholegrain biscuits, seeds and nuts and refined products. No overall correlation was found between BMI_pct and the texture preference of soft/hard foods by CFTPQ, except in Austria. We conclude that this study revealed evidence of a connection between fibre-associated foods and children‘s BMI at a cross-cultural level and that sex is an important determinant of fibre-associated food intake and the development of overweight in childhood.

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Evaluation of leptin concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement and its correlation to the rate of tooth movement

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of Leptin on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Mechanical Strain

Impact of Leptin on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Mechanical Strain

Leptin reduces in vitro cementoblast mineralization and survival as well as induces PGE2 release by ERK1/2 commitment

Intake of Fibre-Associated Foods and Texture Preferences in Relation to Weight Status Among 9–12 Years Old Children in 6 European Countries

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