Evaluation of Lethal Giant Larvae as a Schistosomiasis Vaccine Candidate

Cao, Yufan; Qiao, Hongbin; Shi, Yanli; Han, Yoo Min; Li, Hao; Ke, Lu; Lin, Jiaojiao; Jin, Yamei

doi:10.1155/2016/4680812

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Specifically, eggs obtained from mice immunized with Sj-p80 had a 32% reduction in hatching rate supporting the potential transmission-blocking effects of the vaccine. In addition, since the severity of schistosomiasis is also associated with the number of viable eggs trapped in host tissues, the Sj-p80 vaccine-mediated reduction in egg hatching capabilities affirms its anti-pathology efficacy ( 60 , 61 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Process Development of Sj-p80: A Low-Cost Transmission-Blocking Veterinary Vaccine for Asiatic Schistosomiasis

et al. 2021

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Asiatic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a neglected tropical disease resulting in significant morbidity to both humans and animals - particularly bovines - in endemic areas. Infection with this parasite leads to less healthy herds, causing problems in communities which rely on bovines for farming, milk and meat production. Additionally, excretion of parasite eggs in feces perpetuates the life cycle and can lead to human infection. We endeavored to develop a minimally purified, inexpensive, and effective vaccine based on the 80 kDa large subunit of the calcium activated neutral protease (calpain) from S. japonicum (Sj-p80). Here we describe the production of veterinary vaccine-grade Sj-p80 at four levels of purity and demonstrate in a pilot study that minimally purified antigen provides protection against infection in mice when paired with a low-cost veterinary adjuvant, Montanide™ ISA61 VG. Preliminary data demonstrate that the vaccine is immunogenic with robust antibody titers following immunization, and vaccination resulted in a reduction of parasite eggs being deposited in the liver (23.4–51.4%) and intestines (1.9–55.1%) depending on antigen purity as well as reducing the ability of these eggs to hatch into miracidia by up to 31.6%. We therefore present Sj-p80 as a candidate vaccine antigen for Asiatic schistosomiasis which is now primed for continued development and testing in bovines in endemic areas. A successful bovine vaccine could play a major role in reducing pathogen transmission to humans by interrupting the parasitic life cycle and improving quality of life for people living in endemic countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Process Development of Sj-p80: A Low-Cost Transmission-Blocking Veterinary Vaccine for Asiatic Schistosomiasis

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to the slight decrease in parasite burden, mice vaccinated with SmLEV1.3 exhibited granulomas less than half the size of those seen in control mice given adjuvant alone ( Fig 7D , 7E , and 7F ). Newly deposited, immature eggs do not induce granuloma formation [ 49 ], therefore, it is possible that the SmLEV1.3 post-immunisation response has an effect on the maturation of the tissue-entrapped egg, resulting in less secreted SEA and smaller granulomas. However, the mechanism behind this is unclear, especially considering the low smlev1 transcript abundance in the egg and miracidia stages ( S2 Fig ) and undetectable protein in adult worms and eggs ( Fig 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni Larval Extracellular Vesicle protein 1 (SmLEV1) is an immunogenic antigen found in EVs released from pre-acetabular glands of invading cercariae

et al. 2021

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Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are an integral component of cellular/organismal communication and have been found in the excreted/secreted (ES) products of both protozoan and metazoan parasites. Within the blood fluke schistosomes, EVs have been isolated from egg, schistosomula, and adult lifecycle stages. However, the role(s) that EVs have in shaping aspects of parasite biology and/or manipulating host interactions is poorly defined. Herein, we characterise the most abundant EV-enriched protein in Schistosoma mansoni tissue-migrating schistosomula (Schistosoma mansoni Larval Extracellular Vesicle protein 1 (SmLEV1)). Comparative sequence analysis demonstrates that lev1 orthologs are found in all published Schistosoma genomes, yet homologs are not found outside of the Schistosomatidae. Lifecycle expression analyses collectively reveal that smlev1 transcription peaks in cercariae, is male biased in adults, and is processed by alternative splicing in intra-mammalian lifecycle stages. Immunohistochemistry of cercariae using a polyclonal anti-recombinant SmLEV1 antiserum localises this protein to the pre-acetabular gland, with some disperse localisation to the surface of the parasite. S. mansoni—infected Ugandan fishermen exhibit a strong IgG1 response against SmLEV1 (dropping significantly after praziquantel treatment), with 11% of the cohort exhibiting an IgE response and minimal levels of detectable antigen-specific IgG4. Furthermore, mice vaccinated with rSmLEV1 show a slightly reduced parasite burden upon challenge infection and significantly reduced granuloma volumes, compared with control animals. Collectively, these results describe SmLEV1 as a Schistosomatidae-specific, EV-enriched immunogen. Further investigations are now necessary to uncover the full extent of SmLEV1’s role in shaping schistosome EV function and definitive host relationships.

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“…There is an urgent need for developing a vaccine as a major aspect to control schistosomiasis as is still making significant public health concern in their endemic countries even with efforts done to control it (20,63,64). Therefore, in the current study, we have selected TCTP as a target for vaccine design using in silico study, as it has many advantages over traditional peptide vaccine development methods (65)(66)(67).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translationally Controlled Tumor ProteinTCTPas Peptide Vaccine againstSchistosoma japonicum: an Immunoinformatics Approach

Abdalrahman¹,

Ahmed²,

Elnaeem³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Schistosoma japonicum is the most pathogenic causative form of schistosomiasis that causes a major health problem in its endemic countries. Until now, praziquantel is the only drug used to treat Schistosomiasis, but it does not prevent re-infection. So, repetition of the treatment is needed. Moreover, there is no effective vaccine against S. japonicum. Therefore, an urgent need for the development of vaccines is mandatory. This study aimed to analyze an immunogenic protein, Transitionally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) using an immunoinformatics approach to design a universal peptide vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum. A set of 22 of TCTP sequences were retrieved from NCBI database. Conservancy of these sequences was tested and then conserved B cell and T cell epitopes were predicted using different tools available in IEBD. Epitopes having high scores in both B and T cell predicting tools were proposed. An epitope 129 YEHYI 133 was predicted as a most promising epitope with good prediction scores in surface accessibility and antigenicity. Besides that, epitopes 129 YEHYIGESM 137 and 92 YLKAIKERL 100 were predicted as the most promising epitopes concerning their binding to MHC I and MHC II allele respectively. The study revealed that our predicted epitopes could be used to develop an efficacious vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum in the future especially epitope YEHYIGESM as it is shared between MHC I and II alleles and overlapped with the most promising B cell epitope. Both in vitro and in vivo studies is recommended to confirm the efficacy of YEHYIGESM as a peptide vaccine.

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Evaluation of Lethal Giant Larvae as a Schistosomiasis Vaccine Candidate

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Process Development of Sj-p80: A Low-Cost Transmission-Blocking Veterinary Vaccine for Asiatic Schistosomiasis

Process Development of Sj-p80: A Low-Cost Transmission-Blocking Veterinary Vaccine for Asiatic Schistosomiasis

Schistosoma mansoni Larval Extracellular Vesicle protein 1 (SmLEV1) is an immunogenic antigen found in EVs released from pre-acetabular glands of invading cercariae

Translationally Controlled Tumor ProteinTCTPas Peptide Vaccine againstSchistosoma japonicum: an Immunoinformatics Approach

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