Evaluation of Limiting Drawing Ratio (Ldr) in Deep Drawing Process

Pernis, Rudolf; Barényi, Igor; Kasala, Jozef; Ličková, Mária

doi:10.12776/ams.v21i4.642

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The larger the LDR ratio, the better is the drawability, which is the same tendency exhibited by the Lankford value (

d ε_{normalw} / d ε_{normalt})

which can be obtained from the tensile test. [ 19 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larger the LDR ratio, the better is the drawability, which is the same tendency exhibited by the Lankford value (dε w =dε t Þ which can be obtained from the tensile test. [19] 2.5. Microstructure, Texture, and Precipitate Analysis Microstructure and texture analysis were performed using an optical microscope and EBSD.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Formability Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Strain Localization on the Mechanical Properties from Nonuniform Grain Size Distribution of Ultralow Carbon Steel

Kang

Yoon

2022

steel research int.

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The effect of the bimodal grain size distribution in the range of several tens of micrometers is studied to investigate the mechanical properties of metallic materials with single‐phase ferritic microstructure. The previous studies on the bimodal distribution of grain size have been performed on materials with nanocrystalline, ultrafine, or multiphase microstructures, and have generally reported that the mixed structure of fine and coarse grains improves the ductility of the material, because the coarser grains preferentially accommodate deformation. However, herein, the coarse grains do not accept the deformation well during plastic deformation and cause nonuniform deformation, which lowers the work hardening coefficient and accelerates necking of sheet. The influence of the bimodal grain size distribution on the mechanical properties is evaluated using tensile and various formability tests. Microstructural changes before and after deformation are tracked by electron backscatter diffraction.

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“…The larger the LDR ratio, the better is the drawability, which is the same tendency exhibited by the Lankford value (

d ε_{normalw} / d ε_{normalt})

which can be obtained from the tensile test. [ 19 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties and Formability Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Strain Localization on the Mechanical Properties from Nonuniform Grain Size Distribution of Ultralow Carbon Steel

Kang

Yoon

2022

steel research int.

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show abstract

“…To minimize forming load, design of the shape of tractrix die was implemented by varying die heights (375-750 mm) at the interval of asymptote (25 mm). Inflow angles of material according to die height are listed in Table 3, and dd 1 (536.94 mm) is fixed value in the basis of Table 2 [23][24][25].…”

Section: Modeling and Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Design of D.D.I., Filament Winding and Curing Processes for Manufacturing the High Pressure Vessel (Type II)

Kwak

Park

Seong

et al. 2019

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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As energy crisis and environment pollution all around the world threaten the widespread use of fossil fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles are explored as an alternative to the conventional gasoline powered vehicles. Because of the limited space available for the car, the composite pressure vessel (Type II) has been applied to the CNG vehicles to reach large capacity and weight lightening vehicles. High pressure vessel (Type II) is composed of a composite layer and a metal liner. The metal liner is formed by the deep drawing and ironing (D.D.I.) process, which is a complex process of deep drawing and ironing. The cylinder part is reinforced by composite layer wrapped through the filament winding process and is bonded to the liner by the curing process. In this study, an integrated design method was presented by establishing the techniques for FE analysis of entire processes (D.D.I., filament winding and curing processes) to manufacture the CNG composite pressure vessel (Type II). Dimensions of the dies and the punches of the 1st (cup drawing), 2nd (redrawing-ironing 1-ironing 2) and 3rd (redrawing-ironing) stages were calculated theoretically, and shape of tractrix die to be satisfied with the minimum forming load was suggested for life improvement and manufacturing costs in the D.D.I. process. Thickness of the composite material was determined in the filament winding process, finally, conditions of the curing process (number of heating stage, curing temperature, heating rate and time) were proposed to reinforce adhesive strength between the composite layers.

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“…-hot plastic deformations carried out in a spontaneous recrystallization region (SRR) of austenite (called as normalized controlled rolling -NCR) -hot plastic deformations carried out in a non-recrystallized region (NRR) of austenite (called as controlled rolling -CR) -severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods carried out under hot or cold conditions Classic methods of plastic deformations are effective when CG structures are considered however below a level of 3 µm, they are not effective [1][2][3]. The possibility of grain refinement in materials with a grain size below 1 µm was opened by Segal [4] who has shown that during material processing through two intersecting channels with an equal cross-section, single shear strain is taking place what has an impact on high strength and suitable plastic properties in metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Micro to Nano Scale Structure by Plastic Deformations

Kvačkaj

Bidulská

2014

MSF

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Nowadays, the strategy for improving of mechanical properties in metals is not oriented to alloying followed by heat treatment. An effective way how to improve the mechanical properties of metals is focused on the research looking for some additional structural abilities of steels. Structural refinement is one of the ways. Refinement of the austenitic grain size (AGS) carried out through plastic deformation in a spontaneous recrystallization region of austenite, formation of AGS by plastic deformations in a non-recrystallized region of austenite will be considered as potential ways for AGS refinement. After classic methods of plastic deformations, next structure refinement can be obtained by an application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods.

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Evaluation of Limiting Drawing Ratio (Ldr) in Deep Drawing Process

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of Strain Localization on the Mechanical Properties from Nonuniform Grain Size Distribution of Ultralow Carbon Steel

Effect of Strain Localization on the Mechanical Properties from Nonuniform Grain Size Distribution of Ultralow Carbon Steel

Integrated Design of D.D.I., Filament Winding and Curing Processes for Manufacturing the High Pressure Vessel (Type II)

From Micro to Nano Scale Structure by Plastic Deformations

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