Evaluation of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of D−π–A Type 2-Amino-5-Nitropyridinium Dihydrogen Phosphate (2A5NPDP) Single Crystal Grown by the Modified Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) Method for Terahertz Generation

Abstract

We report the growth process and linear and nonlinear optical characterization of high quality improvised semiorganic 2A5NPDP single crystal using the modified SR method for the first time. The major difficulties for the growth of 2A5NPDP single crystal have been resolved with the aid of a temperature lowering method. After optimization of the growth conditions, a transparent 2A5NPDP single crystal was harvested with a size of 85 mm length and 10 mm diameter over a period of 60 days. The growth rate of the modified SR method grown crystal was found to be 10 times higher than that of the conventional slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) grown crystal. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystal were ascertained by the single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques. The high crystalline perfection of the crystal was ascertained by using a high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique. The presence of multifarious functional groups of the 2A5NPDP crystal were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectral analyses. The thermal property was assessed by the thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It shows that the grown crystal withstands temperature up to 175 °C. UV–vis–NIR analysis was used to measure the linear optical property while third-order nonlinear optical properties were ascertained using Z-scan and optical limiting (OL) techniques. The optical limiting threshold of conventional method grown crystal is 5.7 mW/cm2, whereas the modified SR method grown crystal is 4.7 mW/cm2. Low value of limiting threshold indicates that the grown crystal has minimum defects. Finally, 800 nm wavelength of 140 fs at 80 MHz repetition rate obtained from a Ti:sapphire oscillator was used for the terahertz (THz) generation between 0.1 and 2.1 THz range. The efficiency of the generated THz signal was measured using another 800 nm wavelength of 40 fs, at 1 kHz repetition rate obtained from a Ti:sapphire amplifier. The generated THz signal is separated out from unconverted 800 nm using Teflon filters, and power is measured using a pyrometer. The maximum conversion efficiency of generated THz signal is on the order of 0.63 × 10–5%.

Rational Design of Noncentrosymmetric Organic–Inorganic Hybrids with a π-Conjugated Pyridium-Type Cation for High Nonlinear-Optical Performance

“…The first step corresponds to the release of two H 2 O molecules. During the second step, the weight loss of ∼94.28% may be attributed to one molecule of I 2 , two molecules of CO 2 , six molecules of HCN, one molecule of C 2 H 2 , and two molecules of O 2 , similar to the compound in ref . As previously reported, the H 2 O molecule in II is lost in 56–75 °C and the new phase would be stable in 75–176 °C .…”

Novel Metal–Organic Framework and Crystal Engineering of Bismorpholinium Mercury(II) Tribromo Chloride (BMMC) for Optoelectronic Applications

“…Hence, the present linear optical study makes to deduce that the grown BMMC material is more appropriate for the fabrication of linear and nonlinear optical devices. 38,39 The cutoff wavelength and band gap parameters of the morpholinium derivative crystal are shown in Table 7.…”

Synthesis, Crystal Growth, Structure, Crystalline Perfection, Thermal, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Investigations on 2-Amino-5-Nitropyridine 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid (1:1): A Novel Organic Single Crystal for NLO and Optical Limiting Optical Applications

“…The recorded closed aperture spectrum is presented in Figure 16 To determine absolute third-order nonlinear parameters such as n2, β and χ (3) of the grown crystal, the standard nonlinear transmission equations have been used and the details are described in the literature [40,58]. The calculated value of n2, β and χ (3) values are found to be 6.042×10 -8 cm 2 /W, 0.019×10 -4 cm/W and 2.958×10 -6 esu, respectively.…”