Evaluation of Lip Position in Esthetically Pleasing Profiles Using Different Reference Lines: A Photographic Study

Pandey, Shweta; Kapoor, Shalini; Agarwal, Sumit; Shukla, Ivy

doi:10.1177/0301574220960307

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The increase in length of the upper and lower lips in males was twice as large as in females, similar to the studies by Arnett, Kalha, Lalitha, Hamdan, and Yan, et al 9,[23][24][25] A study of soft-tissue growth in 7-18-year-old subjects conducted by Nanda reported that the length of upper lip measured from subnasal to stomion increased up to 2.7 mm in males and 1.15 mm in females. Meanwhile, the height of lower lip (measured from stomion of the lower lip to the B point of soft tissue) increased up to 4.2 mm in males and 1.5 mm in females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The sagittal position of the upper lip in different skeletal malocclusions in the study can be assessed better with the Sushner's S2 line because this line passes through stable and consistent anatomical landmarks as it is adjacent to the skeletal structure and not influenced by the nose. 9 Similar study 10 was also conducted in Indian population aged 18-26 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…8,10 the Sushner's line passes through a stable and consistent anatomical landmark to evaluate sagittal lip position on the profile analysis and has been reported in several previous studies in different populations as well. 9 Selection of the age range for the research subjects, which was 8-12 years, was based on the estimation of the complete eruption of the four upper and lower permanent anterior teeth as well as the upper and lower permanent first molar so that the cephalometric line could be determined to evaluate the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible position. The age selection was also based on the estimated age of the child's mixed dentition period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 The use of soft tissue norms in one population cannot be set as a reference in diagnosis and treatment planning for other populations. [8][9][10]21 The Sushner norm was developed in the black population, while the Ricketts norm was applied to Caucasians and not to all groups of ethnicity and race. 8,10 This study assessed the sagittal lip position using the Sushner reference line in the children population in Indonesia, which can be used as the baseline data for malocclusion diagnosis and treatment planning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Relationship of skeletal malocclusion classification and sagittal lip position in children

Astari

Indriyanti²,

Sasmita³

et al. 2022

IJOHD

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Malocclusion diagnosis can be established through history taking, clinical examination, and evaluation of diagnostic records in the form of study models, clinical photographs, and cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric radiograph is an important data for evaluating the craniofaciodental relationship and for assessing the soft tissue matrix. The purposes of this study were to describe the position of the sagittal lip based on Jefferson's class I, II, and III classification of skeletal malocclusions, as well as, to see the relationship between the skeletal classification and the position of the sagittal lip in children. The research method used was analytic cross-sectional, consisting of 90 secondary data of pediatric patients (age 8-12 years) at RSGM, Padjadjaran University, Bandung. This study used Jefferson's analysis to determine the skeletal classification and Sushner's analysis to determine the position of the sagittal lips. The data then were analyzed using Kendall Concordal analysis and Spearman Rank correlation. The results showed that the sagittal lip position in the three skeletal malocclusions was more protrusive than the normative value. There was a statistically significant relationship between the skeletal malocclusion class and the position of the upper and lower lip (at 80%, p-value = 5.69E-32 <0.05). The conclusion of this study is there is a relationship between the classification of skeletal malocclusion classes I, II, and III and the sagittal lip position in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relationship of skeletal malocclusion classification and sagittal lip position in children

Astari

Indriyanti²,

Sasmita³

et al. 2022

IJOHD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Charles Tweed was one of the first people to show interest in the facial proportion and harmony of a patient within the orthodontic treatment [3]. There are a lot of methods of profile aesthetics assessment in orthodontics, and some of them are based on Ricketts' E lines, Merrifield's Z lines or Steiner's S lines [4,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance and thickness of soft tissue of the lower third of the face in different vertical patterns of growth

Janosevic

2022

Srp Arh Celok Lek

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Introduction/Objective. Variations in thickness of soft tissues can influence the position of facial structures as well as facial aesthetics. The objective of the study was to determine whether the frequency of soft tissues imbalance depends on the vertical growth pattern of the face. Methods. The present study consisted of 90 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of adult Serbian Caucasian orthodontic patients (30 male and 60 female), between 18 - 27 years of age, average 23.6 years. Only the patients with the skeletal class I, based on the values of ANB angle and Wits appraisal, were chosen for the study. All patients were divided into three groups of 30 patients, those with hyperdivergent, hypodivergent and normal vertical growth patterns based on the values of Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA). Soft tissue of each patient was evaluated following the method given by Merrifield. Results. The obtained results showed that soft tissues of the chin and upper lip were thickest in hypodivergent and thinnest in patients with hyperdivergent growth type. The largest number of patients with soft tissue imbalance was observed in the normal and hyperdivergent vertical growth pattern groups, eight out of 30 patients. The number of patients with imbalance greater than 3mm was largest in the group with hyperdivergent growth pattern. Conclusion. The pathological skeletal pattern of growth combined with the common occurrence of soft tissue imbalance makes orthodontic treatment in hyperdivergent group of patients more difficult in comparison to patients with normal or hypodivergent growth pattern.

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Facial Anthropometric Measurements and Principles – Overview and Implications for Aesthetic Treatments

Armengou,

Frank,

Kaye

et al. 2023

Facial Plast Surg

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Facial anatomy is highly individual in each patient. Anthropometric measurements can be a useful tool to objectively analyze individual facial anatomy to allow for better comparability before and after treatments to ultimately improve standardization of facial procedures, both nonsurgical and surgical. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview over clinically relevant and feasible facial anthropometric measurements and principles for aesthetic medicine. A literature review was conducted to describe the most important and clinically relevant anthropometric measurements and principles for both the entire face and for three aesthetically relevant facial regions: the periorbital region, the nose, and the perioral region. A multitude of different anthropometric measurements and principles have been described in the literature for both the overall facial appearance and specific facial regions. Certain generally accepted anthropometric principles and proportions need to be respected to achieve aesthetic and harmonious results. For the overall facial appearance, a focus on symmetry, certain proportions, facial angles, and indices has been described. Principles and measurements were also described for the periorbital region, the nose, and the perioral region. Although attractiveness and aesthetic perception are subjective, objective evaluation of facial surface anatomy via anthropometric measurements can improve pre- and postinterventional analysis of the face and help the treating physician to individualize treatments, both nonsurgical and surgical.

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Evaluation of Lip Position in Esthetically Pleasing Profiles Using Different Reference Lines: A Photographic Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Relationship of skeletal malocclusion classification and sagittal lip position in children

Relationship of skeletal malocclusion classification and sagittal lip position in children

Balance and thickness of soft tissue of the lower third of the face in different vertical patterns of growth

Facial Anthropometric Measurements and Principles – Overview and Implications for Aesthetic Treatments

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