Evaluation of lipid damage related to pathological and physiological conditions

Abstract

Several diseases and xenobiotics are known to generate reactive species that may trigger oxidative stress when not properly scavenged by the antioxidant defenses and result in tissue damage. We investigated lipid peroxidation (LPO) as a possible mechanism for tissue damage in some pathologies, in the normal aging process, and in subjects exposed to organic solvents. Plasmatic malondialdehyde (MDA) was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with visible wavelength detection in 239 subjects and divided into the following: acute myocardium infarction (AMI), diabetes without complications (D) and hemodialysis (HD) patients; into healthy children, adults, and elderly, all nonexposed to xenobiotics; and into painters occupationally exposed to organic solvents (P). Troponin, glycated hemoglobin, and transminases [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase] were analyzed. An increase in LPO was observed in AMI, D, HD, and P groups, when compared to healthy adults. No correlation between MDA and age was found. Further, we found positive correlations between MDA versus troponin (r = 0.47), MDA versus HbA1c (r = 0.56), and MDA versus AST (r = 0.41) in AMI, diabetics, and painters, respectively. This work has demonstrated increased lipid and protein damages in myocardium and blood, along with an alteration of hepatic transaminase activities and induction of LPO, suggesting that MDA levels are important to evaluate the extent of tissue alterations and development of acute and chronic conditions.

Cardioprotective Effects of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

“…NO reacts with superoxide to produce peroxynitrite. The free radical, superoxide, which is highly increased during reperfusion, contributes to cardiac damage in two ways: First, it decreases the amounts of the cardioprotective NO, and second, it produces the powerful oxidant agent, peroxynitrite, with damaging effects on the heart (Yasmin et al, ; Garcia et al, ). Antioxidants, in general, remove superoxide ions, and therefore increase the availability of NO (Mackness et al, ).…”

Variations in free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant responses in salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks

“…MDA is generally believed to originate under stress conditions, and now it has been found to have high capability of reaction with multiple biomolecules such as proteins or DNA that leads to the formation of adducts [27]. It is further reported that excessive MDA production have also been found to be associated with different pathological states [28][29][30][31]. Hence, higher anti-inflammatory activity in SGE of H. dromedarii ticks might have helped the ticks to feed better by controlling inflammatory response mediated vasoconstriction during tick bite which is also in accordance with increased free radical scavenging activity and overall antioxidant status in these ticks.…”

Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal

“…Both Sp1 and Sp3 can interact with and recruit a large number of proteins including the transcription initiation complex, histone modifying enzymes, and chromatin remodeling complexes, which strongly suggest that Sp1 and Sp3 are important transcription factors in the remodeling chromatin and the regulation of gene expression [75]. On the other hand, MDA production by nonenzymatic processes remains poorly understood despite their potential therapeutic value, because this MDA is believed to originate under stress conditions and has high capability of reaction with multiple biomolecules such as proteins or DNA that leads to the formation of adducts [76–78], and excessive MDA production have been associated with different pathological states [79–85] (see Table 1). Identifying in vivo MDA production and its role in biology is important as indicated by the extensive literature on the compound (over 15 800 articles in the PubMed database using the keyword “malondialdehyde lipid peroxidation” in December 2013).…”