Evaluation of Long-Term Changes in Radiation, Cloudiness, and Surface Temperature on the Territory of the Former Soviet Union

Abakumova, G. M.; Feigelson, E. M.; Russak, Viivi; Stadnik, V. V.

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1319:eoltci>2.0.co;2

Cited by 123 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, we are not able to estimate possible reversals of the negative trends found by Abakumova et al [1996] and Gilgen et al [1998].…”

Section: Asia Without Chinamentioning

confidence: 87%

Decadal changes in shortwave irradiance at the surface in the period from 1960 to 2000 estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive Data

Gilgen¹,

Roesch²,

Wild³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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Decadal changes in shortwave irradiance at the Earth's surface are estimated for the period from approximately 1960 through to 2000 from pyranometer records stored in the Global Energy Balance Archive. For this observational period, estimates could be calculated for a total of 140 cells of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project grid (an equal area 2.5° × 2.5° grid at the equator) using regression models allowing for station effects. In large regions worldwide, shortwave irradiance decreases in the first half of the observational period, recovers from the decrease in the 1980s, and thereafter increases, in line with previous reports. Years of trend reversals are determined for the grid cells which are best described with a second‐order polynomial model. This reversal of the trend is observed in the majority of the grid cells in the interior of Europe and in Japan. In China, shortwave irradiance recovers during the 1990s in the majority of the grid cells in the southeast and northeast from the decrease observed in the period from 1960 through to 1990. A reversal of the trend in the 1980s or early 1990s is also observed for two grid cells in North America, and for the grid cells containing the Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Singapore, Casablanca (Morocco), Valparaiso (Chile) sites, and, noticeably, the remote South Pole and American Samoa sites. Negative trends persist, i.e., shortwave radiation decreases, for the observational period 1960 through to 2000 at the European coasts, in central and northwest China, and for three grid cells in India and two in Africa.

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“…Consequently, we are not able to estimate possible reversals of the negative trends found by Abakumova et al [1996] and Gilgen et al [1998].…”

Section: Asia Without Chinamentioning

confidence: 87%

Decadal changes in shortwave irradiance at the surface in the period from 1960 to 2000 estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive Data

Gilgen¹,

Roesch²,

Wild³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these observations including: increases in diffuse radiation (Gu et al, 1999;Yamasoe et al, 2006;Oliveira et al, 2007;Mercado et al, 2009;Jing et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010), reduced respiration of sunlit leaves (Baldocchi, 1997;Miller et al, 2004;, reduction in water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and, finally, modifications in stomatal dynamics associated with ambient light fluctuations. Although these observations have been limited to flux tower measurements (i.e., a few point measures), it is expected that an increase in carbon uptake under increasing cloudiness and atmospheric aerosol load has implications for the regional and global climate (Abakumova et al, 1996;Gu et al, 1999). This is of particular interest for regions where the percentage of cloud cover and vegetated areas have increased recently (Keeling et al, 1996;Myneni et al, 1997;Gu et al, 1999Gu et al, , 2003.…”

Section: G G Cirino Et Al: the Effect Of Atmospheric Aerosol Partimentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of atmospheric aerosol particles and clouds on net ecosystem exchange in the Amazon

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Carbon cycling in the Amazon is closely linked to atmospheric processes and climate in the region as a consequence of the strong coupling between the atmosphere and biosphere. This work examines the effects of changes in net radiation due to atmospheric aerosol particles and clouds on the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO 2 in the Amazon region. Some of the major environmental factors affecting the photosynthetic activity of plants, such as air temperature and relative humidity, were also examined. An algorithm for clear-sky irradiance was developed and used to determine the relative irradiance, f , which quantifies the percentage of solar radiation absorbed and scattered due to atmospheric aerosol particles and clouds. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) was calculated from irradiances measured with the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor, onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites, and was validated with ground-based AOD measurements from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) sun photometers. Carbon fluxes were measured using eddy covariance technique at the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) flux towers. Two sites were studied: the Jaru Biological Reserve (RBJ), located in Rondonia, and the Cuieiras Biological Reserve at the K34 LBA tower (located in a preserved region in the central Amazon). Analysis was performed continuously from 1999 to 2009 at K34 and from 1999 to 2002 at RBJ, and includes wet, dry and transition seasons. In the Jaru Biological Reserve, a 29 % increase in carbon uptake (NEE) was observed when the AOD ranged from 0.10 to 1.5 at 550 nm. In the Cuieiras Biological Reserve, the aerosol effect on NEE was smaller, accounting for an approximate 20 % increase in NEE. High aerosol loading (AOD above 3 at 550 nm) or high cloud cover leads to reductions in solar flux and strong decreases in photosynthesis up to the point where NEE approaches zero. The observed increase in NEE is attributed to an enhancement (∼ 50 %) in the diffuse fraction of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The enhancement in diffuse PAR can be done through increases in aerosols and/or clouds. In the present study, it was not possible to separate these two components. Significant changes in air temperature and relative humidity resulting from changes in solar radiation fluxes under high aerosol loading were also observed at both sites. Considering the long-range transport of aerosols in the Amazon, the observed changes in NEE for these two sites may occur over large areas in the Amazon, significantly altering the carbon balance in the largest rainforest in the world.

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“…It is well known that changes in cloud cover or atmospheric aerosol loadings, arising from either volcanic or anthropogenic emissions, alter both the total solar radiation reaching the surface and the fraction of diffuse radiation, with uncertain overall effects on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink (Mercado et al, 2009). Additionally, the diffuse fraction of the solar radiance incident at the earth's surface has increased substantially in many regions as a consequence of increases in both cloudiness and the concentration of aerosols in the atmosphere (Suraqui et al, 1974;Abakumova et al, 1996). In forests, higher light use efficiencies and carbon uptake have been demonstrated by field observations for cloudy and high aerosols conditions (Price and Black, 1990;Hollinger et al, 1994;Fitzjarrald et al, 1995;Gu et al, 1999;Freedman et al, 1998Freedman et al, , 2001Niyogi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The impacts of clouds and atmospheric aerosols on the terrestrial carbon cycle at semi-arid Loess Plateau in Northwest China are investigated, by using the observation data obtained at the SACOL (Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University) site. Daytime (solar elevation angles of larger than 50 • ) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO 2 obtained during the midgrowing season (July-August) are analyzed with respect to variations in the diffuse radiation, cloud cover and aerosol optical depth (AOD). Results show a significant impact by clouds on the CO 2 uptake by the grassland (with smaller LAI values) located in a semi-arid region, quite different from areas covered by forests and crops. The light saturation levels in the canopy are low, with a value of about 434.8 W m −2 . Thus, under overcast conditions of optically thick clouds, the CO 2 uptake increases with increasing clearness index (the ratio of global solar radiation received at the Earth surface to the extraterrestrial irradiance at a plane parallel to the Earth surface), and a maximum CO 2 uptake and light use efficiency of vegetation occur with the clearness index of about 0.37 and lower air temperature. Under other sky conditions, CO 2 uptake decreases with cloudiness but light use efficiency is enhanced, due to increased diffuse fraction of PAR. Additionally, under cloudy conditions, changes in the NEE of CO 2 also result from the interactions of many environmental factors, especially the air temperature. In contrast to its response to changes in solar radiation, the carbon uptake shows a slightly negative response to increased AOD. The reason for the difference in the response of the semi-arid grassland from that of the forest and crop lands may be due to the difference in the canopy's architectural structure.

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Evaluation of Long-Term Changes in Radiation, Cloudiness, and Surface Temperature on the Territory of the Former Soviet Union

Cited by 123 publications

References 1 publication

Decadal changes in shortwave irradiance at the surface in the period from 1960 to 2000 estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive Data

Decadal changes in shortwave irradiance at the surface in the period from 1960 to 2000 estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive Data

The effect of atmospheric aerosol particles and clouds on net ecosystem exchange in the Amazon

The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China

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Evaluation of Long-Term Changes in Radiation, Cloudiness, and Surface Temperature on the Territory of the Former Soviet Union

Cited by 123 publications

References 1 publication

Decadal changes in shortwave irradiance at the surface in the period from 1960 to 2000 estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive Data

Decadal changes in shortwave irradiance at the surface in the period from 1960 to 2000 estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive Data

The effect of atmospheric aerosol particles and clouds on net ecosystem exchange in the Amazon

The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China

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The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China