Evaluation of low-temperature cryolite-based electrolytes for aluminium smelting

Vecchio-Sadus, Angelica M.; Dorin, R.; Frazer, E. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00242536

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the electrolysis of acetonitrile solutions containing soft donor proligands with copper anodes, this low oxidation state is kept in the final complex; and so was it for the synthesis of the complex with the N,S donor ligand such as pyrimidine (HL1) and pyridine-2-thione (HL2) derivatives; i. e. [Cu 6 (L1d) 6 ] showed a paddle-wheel structure (Fig. 2, right), with the thionato ligands acting as trinuclear triple bridges [36].…”

Section: Electrochemical Efficiency and Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of sacrificial anodes for the electrochemical synthesis of metallic complexes

Rodríguez

García‐Vázquez

2015

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

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Section: Electrochemical Efficiency and Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D. G. Tuck and coworkers [1,2] developed this method, not only for coordination complexes but also for organometallic compounds. Several reviews reporting the possibilities of this synthetic procedure have been previously published [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of sacrificial anodes for the electrochemical synthesis of metallic complexes

Rodríguez

García‐Vázquez

2015

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

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“…Additionally, it can enhance the prospects for the developm ent and introduction of inert anodes. Researchers have spent many years for this effort [4][5][6][7][8]. Unfortunately, it brings the problems of lower alumina solubility, electrolyte conductivity, and density differential between metal and electrolyte in any application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Melting CaCl2-NaCl-Al2O3 Electrolyte for Direct Electrochemical Reduction Solid Al2O3

Xie¹

2011

TOMSJ

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Abstract:The electrical conductivity and density of the low-melting CaCl 2 -NaCl-Al 2 O 3 systems at 550°C~800°C ranges were respectively measured by the Continuously Varying Cell Constant Technique, ac-techniques and Archimedes method. The materials were applied as the electrolyte for the direct electrochemical reduction solid Al 2 O 3 at 550°C ~800°C. The materials were composed of 71wt.%~87wt.%CaCl 2 (corresponding NaCl), NaCl and Al 2 O 3 (without and saturated). The results showed that additive Al 2 O 3 decreased the electrical conductivity of the materials, and resulted in the increase of activation energy of conductance. The functional relationship between the electrical conductivity and temperature was linear, and conformed to the Arrhenius equation. Increasing the CaCl 2 content decreased the electrical conductivity of the materials, but the density was increased. Increasing the CaCl 2 , the decrease scope of the electrical conductivity was small and the increase trend of the density was slowed down, the influence of increasing the content of CaCl 2 in systems on the direct electrochemical reduction solid Al 2 O 3 process is smaller. The temperature was a decisive factor on the electrical conductivity of the electrolytes and electrolysis process.

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“…lower temperatures with less degradation of feed and/or product; fewer processing steps (for example, electrochemical synthesis and product separation may be combined in one reactor); precise control of oxidation or reduction level by control of electrode potential; discovery of unique processing routes to establish or re-establish control of the market position. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In any worthwhile comparison of the advantages of chemical vs. electrochemical alternatives, it is obvious that the relative economics, the market, product selectivity and other factors must be considered. Certainly, electrochemical routes are not always economically feasible, especially when the competitor is a catalytic chemical route based upon O 2 or H 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical routes for industrial synthesis

Sequeira¹,

Santos²

2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

119

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Esta revisão examina as razões que justificam um interesse crescente da indústria química pelos processos eletrolíticos. Reveem-se as indústrias químicas, nas quais compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos são processados e descrevem-se os avanços tecnológicos mais relevantes. Inicialmente, abordam-se processos bem estabelecidos, como as indústrias cloroalcalinas de produção de alumínio, p-aminofenol, adiponitrila, etileno glicol, antraquinona, produtos perfluorados, ácido glioxílico e L-cisteína. Face à grande quantidade de informação disponível, o assunto é tratado com base científica, mas de modo bastante simplificado. Posteriormente, descrevem-se processos orgânicos e inorgânicos emergentes, nomeadamente processos eletroquímicos mediados e síntese em líquidos iónicos. Estabelecem-se paralelos entre síntese química e síntese eletroquímica. Estimula-se o interesse nos processos de eletrossíntese, particularmente em líquidos iónicos, não desmerecendo a importância das vias puramente químicas de síntese orgânica e inorgânica.This review examines the reasons for increasing interest towards electrolyses by the chemical industry, reviews the electrochemical industries as most of them now exist, and provides a status report on the key technological advances which are occurring to meet present and future needs. Classical industries like those of chloroalkali, aluminium, p-aminophenol, adiponitrile, ethylene glycol, anthraquinone, perfluorinated products, glyoxylic acid and L-cysteine are initially covered. Considering the large amount of available publications in these topics of electrochemical engineering, the covered relevant information is treated at a scientific level, although in a simplified way. Then the paper deals with emerging inorganic and organic processes, e.g. electrosynthesis in ionic liquids and mediated electrochemical processes, and finishes by assessing what the future development trend might be given the electrochemical and non electrochemical competing influences. With this approach it is hoped to stimulate the interest of chemical engineers and scientists non-specialised in electrochemical routes, and to review some cutting edge research, particularly as far as electrosynthesis in ionic liquids is concerned.

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Evaluation of low-temperature cryolite-based electrolytes for aluminium smelting

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

The use of sacrificial anodes for the electrochemical synthesis of metallic complexes

The use of sacrificial anodes for the electrochemical synthesis of metallic complexes

Low-Melting CaCl2-NaCl-Al2O3 Electrolyte for Direct Electrochemical Reduction Solid Al2O3

Electrochemical routes for industrial synthesis

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