Evaluation of Mammary Cancer in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Wister Rats by Asymmetrical Temperature Distribution Analysis Using Thermography: A Comparison with Serum CEA Levels and Histopathology

Abstract

Animal surface temperature profile captured using infrared camera is helpful for the assessment of physiological responses associated with the regulation of body temperature. Diagnosing breast cancer in early stage itself has a greater effect on the prognosis. In this work, asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis of chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced in the lower right flank region of Wistar rats (n = 6) was carried out to test the potential of thermography in diagnosing mammary cancer and tumor growth over a period of nine weeks in comparison with histopathology results as standard. Temperature difference between the tumor induced lower right and left side of flank region was significant (with P value <0.001), whereas in the abdomen and shoulder there was no significant difference in temperature between right and left sides. Percentage of asymmetrical temperature difference in the tumor induced lower flank region was 0.5 to 2%, whereas in the other regions it was <0.5%. Green pixel distribution in RGB color histogram was asymmetrical in the tumor induced lower flank region. Temperature reduction was observed in the tumor induced region after the seventh day of carcinogen induction. Asymmetrical thermogram analysis is the best method of diagnosing mammary cancer and for studying tumor development.

Oral Intragastric DMBA Administration Induces Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Tumors in Male Wistar Rats

“…In the context of the tumorigenic potential of DMBA, it was reported that DMBA induced mammary cancer in Wistar rats in a study that evaluated the diagnostic value of thermography in comparison to histopathology as the gold standard. 16 This mammary carcinogenic effect of DMBA has also been reported by another group. 17 Likewise, mammary cancer was induced in FVB mice after administration of six doses of DMBA, wherein a number of genetic aberrations and protein post-translational modifications occurred, including overexpression of c-myc, aryl hydrocarbon receptor cyclin-D1, and hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma.…”

Therapeutic effect of simvastatin on DMBA‐induced breast cancer in mice

“…, Heffelfinger et al and Al‐Ghananeem et al as a reliable method which could be reconfirmed by histopathological evaluation. Although some adjunct methods like thermography are suggested , palpation and determination of tumor size are still the mainstays for detection of tumor formation.…”

Hypericum alpestre extract exhibits in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties by regulating the cellular antioxidant system and metabolic pathway of L‐arginine

“…To induce breast cancer in rats, a single dosage of 25 mg of 7,12‐DMBA dissolved in 1 mL of soy oil was administered subcutaneously into the 2nd set of mammary glands 39–42 . The chemical carcinogen was administered when the rats were aged between 60 and 65 days 43–46 .…”

“…To induce breast cancer in rats, a single dosage of 25 mg of 7,12-DMBA dissolved in 1 mL of soy oil was administered subcutaneously into the 2nd set of mammary glands. [39][40][41][42] The chemical carcinogen was administered when the rats were aged between 60 and 65 days. [43][44][45][46] The tumor was first detected by touch and its size was subsequently measured and monitored regularly.…”