Evaluation of manganese-bodies removal in historical stained glass windows via SR-μ-XANES/XRF and SR-μ-CT

Cagno, Simone; Nuyts, Gert; Bugani, Simone; Vis, Kristel De; Schalm, Olivier; Caen, Joost; Helfen, Lukas; Cotte, Marine; Reischig, P.; Janssens, Koen

doi:10.1039/c1ja10204d

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In order to overcome this difficulty, the beam has been defocused (from 4x4 µ m 2 to 9x9 µ m 2 ) and fil- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 instead of 2.2 10 10 photon/mm 2 /s with a defocused beam) explains the low signal to noise of the spectra. Similar technical difficulties have been encountered by previous authors 6 shift is also observed between EV3 and Luy suggesting that Luy is slightly more oxidized than EV3. The pre-edge of PLOG has been fitted with two pseudo-Voigt functions located at 6540 (A) and 6542.2 (A') eV.…”

Section: X-ray Absorption Experiments : Stained Glass Windowssupporting

confidence: 63%

Browning Phenomenon of Medieval Stained Glass Windows

Ferrand¹,

Rossano²,

Loisel

et al. 2015

Anal. Chem.

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In this work, three pieces of historical on-site glass windows dated from the 13th to 16th century and one archeological sample (8th century) showing Mn-rich brown spots at their surface or subsurface have been characterized by optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The oxidation state of Mn as well as the Mn environment in the alteration phase have been characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mn K-edge. Results show that the oxidation state of Mn and therefore the nature of the alteration phase varies according to the sample considered and is correlated with the extent of the brown alteration. The larger the brown areas the more oxidized the Mn. However, by contrast with literature, the samples presenting the more extended brown areas are not similar to pyrolusite and contain Mn mainly under a (+III) oxidation state.

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Section: X-ray Absorption Experiments : Stained Glass Windowssupporting

confidence: 63%

Browning Phenomenon of Medieval Stained Glass Windows

Ferrand¹,

Rossano²,

Loisel

et al. 2015

Anal. Chem.

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“…The stability and dissolution behavior of bioglass, designed to form chemical bonds with living tissues (Souza et al, 2013), is of interest to the medical field. Glass alteration is also a crucial issue in the field of cultural heritage, especially with respect to the restoration and conservation of stained glass windows (see, for example Silvestri et al, 2005;Warkinson et al, 2005;Cagno et al, 2011;Gentaz, 2011;Schalm et al, 2010;Sterpenich, 2011;Lombardo et al, 2013). Finally, in a geological context, igneous rock alteration processes and especially basaltic glass-fluid interactions have been examined, as they provide knowledge about the major biogeochemical cycles of the Earth (Fliegel et al, 2012;Knowles et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of iron chelators on short-term dissolution of basaltic glass

Pérez¹,

Rossano²,

Trcera

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…In addition, to test the origin of its colour, a chunk of purple plant ash glass from the early Islamic site of Banias, Israel [26] with high levels of deliberately added manganese, was added to the samples set. Table 2 reports the chemical data relative to major and minor elements of all the analysed samples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Fe and Mn K-edge XANES spectra were collected in fluorescence mode at the GILDA-CRG beamline (ESRF, Grenoble, France), during two different experiments, using a dynamically and sagittally focussing monochromator [31], with Si(311) and Si(111) crystals, respectively.…”

Section: The Archaeological Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…XANES spectroscopy has also been successfully applied to the speciation of Mn in minerals and glass [e.g. 24,25,26]), in spite of the difficulties connected with the common co-existence of different oxidation states of this element (2+, 3+, 4+) . In particular, XANES studies of Mn in ancient glass were performed to understand whether this element was present as an impurity in the raw materials or intentionally added to the batch as a decoloring agent (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A XANES study of chromophores in archaeological glass

2012

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Abstract:We applied X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) to obtain information on the origin of glass color of several archaeological samples and on the oxidation conditions employed during their production. We studied a series of selected glass fragments mainly from excavated primary and secondary production centers and dated to the first millennium AD containing iron and manganese in a wide compositional range. In most of the studied samples iron is rather oxidized, while Mn K-edge XANES data show that, in all the studied glass, Mn is mainly present in its reduced form (predominantly 2+), with the possible subordinate presence of Mn3+. The most oxidized samples are the HIMT (High Iron Manganese Titanium) glasses, while the less oxidized belong to the primary natron glass series from the early Islamic tank furnaces at Bet Eliezer (Israel), and to the series coming from a Roman glass workshop excavated in Basinghall Street, London. In these glasses, iron is approximately equally distributed over the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states. The XANES analyses of two glass which had been deliberately decolorized using Sb-and Mnbased decolorizers, demonstrate that Sb is more effective than Mn as oxidant.Response to Reviewers: Torino 04/10/12Dear Editor please find enclosed the revised version of the manuscript APYA-D-12-00685 "A XANES study of chromophores in archaeological glass." by Rossella Arletti, Simona Quartieri and Ian Freestone, modified after the reviewers' comments. All the points raised by the reviewers are commented in the following. Editor:The manuscript may look just as "another paper reporting the study of ancient glasses from other provenances" once the novelty eventually contained in the submitted manuscript is not dully emphasized. Beyond complementing the reported chemical data, a more detailed physical discussion of XANES results would help support the submission of the manuscript to Applied Physics A, Materials Science & Processing.-A table with the whole chemical analyses of all the samples was provided -some more details have been added to the description of the method adopted for the determination of Fe oxidation state. Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationReviewer #1: Page 2, line 57-58: It would benefit the readers to include a reference of using arsenic to control the color due to Fe oxidation state as I found it is less common than antimony and manganese for the same role.-As far as we are aware, arsenic was not used regularly as a decolorant in glass until the eighteenth century AD in Bohemia. It was used on a regular basis in the nineteenth century (see Dungworth D, 2011. The Value of Historic Window Glass. The Historic Environment 2, 21-48). This reference has been added to the manuscript.Page 3, line 26: Please delete a space before the last bracket.-The text was corrected according to the referee suggestion Page 3, line 30: Please use a comma between 20 and 21.-The text was corrected according to the referee suggestion Page 4, line 13: The...

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Evaluation of manganese-bodies removal in historical stained glass windows via SR-μ-XANES/XRF and SR-μ-CT

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Browning Phenomenon of Medieval Stained Glass Windows

Browning Phenomenon of Medieval Stained Glass Windows

Impact of iron chelators on short-term dissolution of basaltic glass

A XANES study of chromophores in archaeological glass

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