“…In addition to direct observation, remotely sensed satellites can provide indirect estimations. Sea surface wind speed has been estimated using satellite radiometers (e.g., Ebuchi, 2017), altimeters (e.g., Ribal & Young, 2019), scatterometers (e.g., Spencer et al., 2000), and synthetic aperture radar (e.g., Horstmann et al., 2003). Sea surface roughness, which is caused by sea surface wind, is represented by the brightness temperature in radiometers and the normalized radar cross‐section in altimeters, scatterometers, and synthetic aperture radar.…”