Evaluation of material degradation using phased array ultrasonic technique with full matrix capture

Sampath, Santhakumar; Dhayalan, R.; Kumar, Anish; Kishore, Nanda; Sohn, Hoon

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.105118

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Even, PAUT systems can be used for the detection of any corrosion occurrence in coated metallic parts by employing ultrasonic PA inspection technology. 133,134 These methods can also be employed to detect material degradation, 135 corrosion damage, 136 thermal aging, 137 crack sizing, 138 sizing of small surface-breaking fatigue cracks, 139 mechanical property analysis, 140 estimation of the strain–stress state, 141 adhesion of coatings, 142 etc. Furthermore, elastic constants of various materials can be measured by ultrasonic methods, for instance, Aussel and Monchalin utilized precision laser-ultrasonic velocity measurement to determine the elastic constant of solid materials.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Pa Inspection Of Titanium-based Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic and phased-array inspection in titanium-based alloys: A review

Shi

Ebrahimi

Zhou

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Ultrasonic testing procedures are among the most extensively used techniques in non-destructive testing and non-destructive evaluation systems. Meanwhile, phased array inspection or phased-array ultrasonic testing techniques as a well-known type of ultrasonic testing in advanced non-destructive testing systems are utilized in numerous applications, including oil and gas, medical imaging applications, railway, automotive, marine, and aviation industries. Phased-array ultrasonic testing-based methods can also be used in a variety of weld inspections, bond testing, thickness profiling, flaw detections, corrosion inspections, and in-service crack detection. The rapidity, safety, easiness, affordable price, and accurate visualization of phased array in measuring the defect characteristics such as size, shape, depth, and orientation allow its wide usage and even as a substitute for other inspection methods like radiographic methods. In phased array methods, more than one sound wave is employed to enhance the reliability and flexibility of inspection through the operation of several transducer assemblies, involving 16 to 256 small individual elements. Titanium having many desirable properties like high strength to weight ratio found many industrial applications, which highly necessitates its persistent inspection. For this aim, the present study focuses on the application of the phased-array ultrasonic testing technique for inspecting Ti components specifically in additive manufacturing, welding inspections, and defect detection of complex geometries and composites. Moreover, modern applications and improved computation methods are discussed. The development of phased-array ultrasonic testing inspection systems, particularly high throughput and efficient in situ and mobile equipment, and new computation methods will open new horizons toward the highly sophisticated inspection procedures.

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Section: Ultrasonic Pa Inspection Of Titanium-based Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic and phased-array inspection in titanium-based alloys: A review

Shi

Ebrahimi

Zhou

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…Ultrasonic time-of-flight (ToF) measurements are a common technique in many research and industrial fields, spanning from ranging applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] to human-computer interaction [ 5 , 6 ] to non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The basic concept of ultrasonic ToF measurements is that a signal is transmitted from an ultrasonic transducer and received at a later time by the same or a different transducer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of a fluid, transmitter and receiver are connected to a test specimen. ToF measurements of the test specimen can be related to the location of defects acting as scatterers [ 9 , 10 , 12 ] or changes in material parameters via the calculated speed of sound [ 8 , 11 , 14 , 15 ]. In many cases, the transducers are coupled directly [ 8 , 16 , 17 ] or with a couplant [ 18 , 19 ] to the specimen surface to reduce amplitude losses from reflection at the transducer-specimen interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Accurate and Robust Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurement Technique

Bühling

Küttenbaum

Maack

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Ultrasonic time-of-flight (ToF) measurements enable the non-destructive characterization of material parameters as well as the reconstruction of scatterers inside a specimen. The time-consuming and potentially damaging procedure of applying a liquid couplant between specimen and transducer can be avoided by using air-coupled ultrasound. However, to obtain accurate ToF results, the waveform and travel time of the acoustic signal through the air, which are influenced by the ambient conditions, need to be considered. The placement of microphones as signal receivers is restricted to locations where they do not affect the sound field. This study presents a novel method for in-air ranging and ToF determination that is non-invasive and robust to changing ambient conditions or waveform variations. The in-air travel time was determined by utilizing the azimuthal directivity of a laser Doppler vibrometer operated in refracto-vibrometry (RV) mode. The time of entry of the acoustic signal was determined using the autocorrelation of the RV signal. The same signal was further used as a reference for determining the ToF through the specimen in transmission mode via cross-correlation. The derived signal processing procedure was verified in experiments on a polyamide specimen. Here, a ranging accuracy of <0.1 mm and a transmission ToF accuracy of 0.3μs were achieved. Thus, the proposed method enables fast and accurate non-invasive ToF measurements that do not require knowledge about transducer characteristics or ambient conditions.

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