Evaluation of maxillary arterial blood flow in anesthetized cats with the mouth closed and open

Barton-Lamb, A.L.; Martin‐Flores, Manuel; Scrivani, Peter V.; Bezuidenhout, Abraham J.; Loew, E.; Hn, Erb; Ludders, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.018

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our primary reason for performing CT was to describe the morphologic relationships among the angular process of the mandible, tympanic bulla, and maxillary artery in different mouth positions to support one theory of why maxillary arterial blood flow is altered in some cats when the mouth is maximally opened . The results of this study showed that opening the mouth reduced the distance between the medial aspect of the angular process of the mandible and the rostrolateral border of the ipsilateral tympanic bulla: the maxillary artery has a sinuous path through the head and lies between these two structures such that it is prone to mediolateral compression when the mouth is opened.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Although the mouth gag affects both sides of the mouth, placement on a particular side might account for differences observed between sides in a previous study . Use of a mouth gag also might be an important consideration if unilateral or partial vision loss is shown to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other assessments of vascular attenuation should be interpreted with caution because differences could be due to the timing of image acquisition relative to the passage of the bolus of contrast material. In a previous study, this variability was accounted for by observing the passage of the contrast material bolus through the maxillary artery using time‐attenuation curves that were acquired during dynamic single‐slice CT . In hindsight, a better morphologic examination in this study might have been produced by allowing the contrast material to distribute more uniformly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not all affected cats had neurologic deficits concurrent with the development of blindness . Subsequently, it was also shown in healthy cats that opening the mouth occasionally resulted in immediate loss of the electroretinographic waveform . Electroretinography is extremely sensitive to retinal hypoxia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and Functional Changes Relevant to Maxillary Arterial Flow Observed During Computed Tomography and Nonselective Digital Subtraction Angiography in Cats With the Mouth Closed and Opened

Scrivani

Martin‐Flores

Hatten

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Some cats develop blindness during procedures with mouth gags, which possibly relates to maxillary arterial occlusion by opening the mouth. Our first aim was to use computed tomography (CT) to describe how vascular compression is possible based on morphologic differences between mouth positions. Our second aim was to use nonselective digital subtraction angiography to assess whether opening the mouth induces collateral circulation. Six healthy cats were examined. During CT, the maxillary artery coursed between the angular process of the mandible and the rostrolateral wall of the tympanic bulla. The median distance between these structures was shorter when the mouth was opened (left, 4.3 mm; right, 3.6 mm) vs. closed (left, 6.9 mm; right, 7.1 mm). Additionally, the distance was shorter on the side ipsilateral to the gag (P = 0.03). During nonselective angiography, with the mouth closed, there was strong sequential opacification of the external carotid arteries, maxillary arteries, maxillary retia mirabilia, cerebral arterial circle, and basilar artery. Additionally, there was uniform opacification of the cerebrum and cerebellum. With the mouth opened, opacification of the maxillary arteries (rostral to the angular processes) was reduced in all cats, the cerebral arterial circle and basilar artery had simultaneous opacification in four of six (67%) cats, and the cerebrum had reduced opacification compared to the cerebellum in four of six (67%). In conclusion, the maxillary arteries are situated such that they can be compressed when opening the mouth. Opening the mouth did not consistently induce collateral circulation sufficient to produce comparable cerebral opacification as when the mouth was closed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and Functional Changes Relevant to Maxillary Arterial Flow Observed During Computed Tomography and Nonselective Digital Subtraction Angiography in Cats With the Mouth Closed and Opened

Scrivani

Martin‐Flores

Hatten

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…This avoided interference with maxillary artery blood flow, in order to limit the potential risk of blindness secondary to decreased oxygenated blood flow to the retina (Barton‐Lamb et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Extended palatoplasty as surgical treatment for nasopharyngeal stenosis in six cats

Sériot¹,

Gibert²,

Poujol³

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objective To describe the use of extended palatoplasty as treatment of caudal nasopharyngeal stenosis in cats. Materials and Methods CT was used to confirm the diagnosis in cats with clinical signs consistent with nasopharyngeal stenosis. Extended palatoplasty rostral to the tonsils using monopolar electrocautery allowed simultaneous removal of the caudal soft palate together with the stenotic area. Cats were re‐evaluated 2 weeks postoperatively. Telephone interview was used to obtain long‐term follow‐up. Results Six domestic shorthair cats were diagnosed with nasopharyngeal stenosis, with clinical signs of snoring (n=4), stertor (n=4), nasal discharge (n=3) and sneezing (n=1). CT scan identified a soft‐tissue stricture at the level of the caudal nasopharynx in all cats. Other abnormalities included bilateral rhinitis (n=3), retropharyngeal adenomegaly (n=2), unilateral sinusitis (n=1) and bilateral otitis externa with unilateral otitis media (n=1). Excision of the caudal soft palate and the entire stenotic soft‐tissue membrane was successful in all six cats. No pre‐, intra‐ or postoperative complications were observed. Short‐term outcome revealed clinical improvement in all cases. Long‐term outcome revealed no recurrence of clinical signs in four cats. In one cat, occasional sneezing was reported. One cat died 1 month postoperatively for reasons unrelated to the respiratory condition. Clinical Significance Extended palatoplasty was an effective technique to treat caudal nasopharyngeal stenosis and provide improvement of clinical signs without postoperative complications in all cases.

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Oral Anatomy and Physiology

Lemmons¹,

Beebe²

2018

Wiggs's Veterinary Dentistry

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Evaluation of maxillary arterial blood flow in anesthetized cats with the mouth closed and open

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Structural and Functional Changes Relevant to Maxillary Arterial Flow Observed During Computed Tomography and Nonselective Digital Subtraction Angiography in Cats With the Mouth Closed and Opened

Structural and Functional Changes Relevant to Maxillary Arterial Flow Observed During Computed Tomography and Nonselective Digital Subtraction Angiography in Cats With the Mouth Closed and Opened

Extended palatoplasty as surgical treatment for nasopharyngeal stenosis in six cats

Oral Anatomy and Physiology

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