Evaluation of maximum non-metallic inclusion sizes in steel by statistics of extreme values method based on Micro-CT imaging

Abstract

Non-metallic inclusions have become a matter of concern for several properties of steel. The effective evaluation of inclusions in steel would provide critical information to evaluate the steel quality. In this study, an evaluation method based on X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) experiments was proposed. First, Micro-CT experiments were carried out to characterize the inclusions. Then, the characterizations of the inclusions were collected based on the 2D slices and their 3D features. The extreme values were evaluated by statistics of extreme values method with these data. The evaluation results were compared with those obtained by international standard ASTM E2283-08. The results demonstrated that the evaluation method based on inclusion sizes collected from 3D inclusion information provided a stable result. It means that the extreme value evaluation method with the 3D data based on Micro-CT was an effective method.

Microcomputed tomography visualization and quantitation of the pulmonary arterial microvascular tree in mouse models of chronic lung disease

“…Lungs were then placed into 70% EtOH indefinitely until lungs were used for histological measures (if using CUBIC1 or another clearing process that uses detergents, it is critical to stop the clearing process. Exposure to high concentrations of detergents and harsh treatments may result in loss of native biomolecules and damage tissue architecture) 28 …”

“…Our lab used CUBIC as a clearing solution because it is an established and efficient tissue clearing technique that has been continuously improved upon. CUBIC is also friendly to fluorescent proteins, which allows for Immuno‐Fluorescent staining 28 . Other good alternatives would be other solvent‐based or hydrogel‐clearing solutions/protocols.…”

“…Exposure to high concentrations of detergents and harsh treatments may result in loss of native biomolecules and damage tissue architecture). 28 In vivo µCT imaging of lung structure…”

“…Other visualizing methods such as microscopy can also be performed in parallel with ex vivo imaging 12 . Microscopy is made possible by clearing the surrounding tissue by any one of multiple methods to decrease signal interference 27,28 . Only a few ex vivo imaging techniques are nondestructive, meaning further analysis, such as histological staining, can be performed after sectioning 26 .…”

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in Steel Wire Rods

“…Furthermore, the standard has been used in the evaluation of the maximum inclusion size of heat-treated wire rod specimens [ 14 ]. More recently, the results using the standard showed relatively good agreement with measurements of large inclusions based on the X-ray microcomputed tomography method [ 15 ]…”