Evaluation of Medicinal Values of Gymnopetalum chinense (Lour.) Merr., a Lesser Known Cucurbit from Eastern Ghats of India

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of Phytochemical Components, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Coptis teeta Walls

“…We examined the antibacterial activity of plant extracts by the diffusion and dilution method against gram-positive (S. mutans, S. pyogenes) and gram-negative bacteria (S. flexneri, V. choleraee, S. typhi). The polar solvents i.e., water; methanol, and acetone were susceptible to all the five selected bacteria as reports suggested that polar solvents exhibit more antibacterial activity [20]. During the study, it was found that the plant extracts exhibit different effects of antimicrobial activities it is because of the presence of additional membranes surrounding the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria [28].…”

“…The visual turbidity of the broth was noted down to confirm the MIC. After MIC determination of the different extracts of the plant, an aliquot of 50µl of the broth from MIC which showed no visible bacterial growth was spread over fresh prepared Mueller Hinton Agar plates and incubated for 24 hrs at 37 °C and the MBC was read and recorded for 99.9% of the bacterial population are killed at the lowest concentration of the extract [19,20].…”

“…For S. pyogene and S. typhi MIC was exhibited at 2.5 mg/ml and MBC at 5mg/ml (Table 5). Antimicrobial agents are found to be present in plants as various chemical compounds that retard microbial growth or cause death [20]. Phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, etc have been developed over thousands of years throughout the evolution to defend against organisms and play an important role to treat infectious diseases [20].…”

“…Antimicrobial agents are found to be present in plants as various chemical compounds that retard microbial growth or cause death [20]. Phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, etc have been developed over thousands of years throughout the evolution to defend against organisms and play an important role to treat infectious diseases [20]. It has now become a substitute for synthetic antibiotics because of the increase in unregulated usage and increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, hence the evaluation of a novel antimicrobial agent from a natural source is becoming very important [27].…”

“…Researcher around the globe investigated the efficacy of various plant, parts extracts and their effective compounds as antimicrobial agents to control the growth of human pathogenic bacteria. Many researchers suggested that antimicrobial components of the plant extracts (terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds) interact with enzymes and proteins of the microbial cell membrane causing its disruption to disperse a flux of protons towards cell exterior which induces cell death or may inhibit enzymes necessary for amino acids biosynthesis [19,20,[28][29][30]. However, other researchers reported the inhibitory effect of these plant extracts to hydrophobicity characters of these plants extracts which enable them to react with protein of microbial cell membrane and mitochondria disturbing their structures and changing their permeability [19,20,[29][30][31][32].…”