Evaluation of metalloproteinase 2 and 9 levels and their inhibitors in combined dyslipidemia

Abstract

Clin Invest Med 2009; 32 (2): E124-E132. AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and their specific inhibitors in a sample of patients affected by mild dyslipidemia but not yet treated with antihyperlipidemic drugs. Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight Caucasian patients aged 18 yr of either sex with combined dyslipidemia and who had never previously taken lipid-lowering medications were evaluated. As a control population, we enrolled 179 Caucasian healthy subjects, aged 18 yr of either sex. We evaluated body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA index), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), lipoprotein(a) Lp(a), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), homocysteine (Hct), fibrinogen (Fg), high sensitivity Creactive protein (Hs-CRP), adiponectin (ADP), MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). Results: TC, Tg, and LDL-C were higher (P << 0.05, P << 0.01 and P << 0.05, respectively) in the dyslipidemic group, while HDL-C levels were lower (P << 0.01) compared with the control group. Increases of PAI-1, Hct, Fg, and Hs-CRP (P << 0.01, P << 0.05, P << 0.05, and P << 0.05, respectively) were present in the dyslipidemic group, while ADP level was lower (P << 0.01) in the dyslipidemic patients compared with controls. MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels were higher (P << 0.0001) in the dyslipidemic group. Conclusions: Combined hyperlipidemic patients have increased levels of prothrombotic and microinflammatory parameters and higher levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 than control subjects. The prognostic importance of this observation has to be evaluated in adequately designed prospective studies. List of Abbreviations

Combined Nutraceutical Approach to Postmenopausal Syndrome and Vascular Remodeling Biomarkers

“…However, this is a common observation in different studies on this parameter. 21,32 However, the results of this study can be considered scientifically reliable according to the aim of the study, with a random controlled design, and by the results being in agreement with the available literature data.…”

Red yeast rice improves lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and vascular remodeling parameters in moderately hypercholesterolemic Italian subjects

“…The explication could be that monacolins may control chronic inflammation partly through an indirect anti-inflammatory effect resulting from lipid-lowering and other processes that reduce triggers and stimulators rather than a direct anti-inflammatory effect from the naturally occurring statin-like elements [33]. Regarding MMPs, our group conducted several specific trials: in both children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes [34,35], in adult type 2 diabetic patients [36], in non-diabetic and diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], in subjects affected by familial combined hyperlipidemia and/or metabolic syndrome [40,41], and in patients with hypertension [42]. Circulating MMPs levels were elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and after coronary angioplasty.…”

Different actions of losartan and ramipril on adipose tissue activity and vascular remodeling biomarkers in hypertensive patients

“…In particular, it is not clear whether these different therapeutic approaches could have a direct positive or negative modulating effect on insulin resistance similar to those seen with resistin (r) and visfatin. 13 Therefore, it is not known if RAAS blockade could significantly reduce the serum levels of vascular remodeling biomarkers, which are typically increased in patients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease; [14][15] such markers include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this context, we planned a randomized, double blind clinical trial to evaluate whether an antihypertensive intervention at the proximal or distal levels of the RAAS could have different effects on a broad range of innovative cardiovascular risk biomarkers.…”