Evaluation of methods for assessing the retention of seed mussels (Perna canaliculus) prior to seeding for grow-out

Carton, Alexander G.; Jeffs, Andrew G.; Foote, George A.; Palmer, H.E.; Bilton, John N.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.11.026

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The hatchery-raised juveniles were approximately 6 wk post-settlement, and their shell length ranged from 0.29 to 1.76 mm with a mean length of 1.01 mm ± 0.01 (n = 498). All of the experimental ropes were transported to the study site in a cool and damp environment to reduce the likelihood of mortality or modified secondary settlement behaviour as artefacts of factors occurring during transport (Carton et al 2007). …”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There appear to be many potential triggers of secondary settlement processes in mytilid mussels, including changes in the local environment (Carton et al 2007, Hayden & Woods 2011) and changing habitat requirements or behaviour (Alfaro & Jeffs 2002, Alfaro et al 2004, von der Meden et al 2010. Furthermore, juvenile seed mussels on growing structures will likely experience intense pressure from the ongoing settlement of a wide range of biofouling organisms competing for the same space (Holthuis et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the retention of juvenile P. canaliculus on aquaculture growing substrata, such as fibrous nursery ropes, can be very poor, with losses that range from 50 to 100% (Jeffs et al 1999, Webb & Heasman 2006, Hayden & Woods 2011). Consequently, a few studies have specifically addressed the causes of low retention, focussing on methods of determining the quality of juveniles captured from the wild (Webb & Heasman 2006, Sim-Smith & Jeffs 2011, impacts on fitness and behaviour that can occur during transport or due to poor handling (Webb & Heasman 2006, Carton et al 2007) and environmental conditions during early production (Alfaro 2006c, Carton et al 2007, Hayden & Woods 2011. However, the issue of retention is complex and far from understood, largely due to the small number of studies that have addressed this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary settlement is the process by which juvenile mussels detach and migrate away from their initial larval settlement sites to explore, select and re-settle in alternative locations (Bayne 1964). Movement can occur via the juvenile initiating mucus drifting or pedal crawling behaviours that operate over medium (10s to 100s m) and small (cm) scales, respectively (Bayne 1964, Buchanan & Babcock 1997, Carton et al 2007, Le Corre et al 2013, South 2016. The ability of large numbers of juvenile mussels to migrate away from aquaculture growing structures is enormously problematic not only because these mussels are lost from the production cycle, but also because it creates vacant space for colonisation by biofouling organisms which can compete with the remaining cultured mussels and create problems for subsequent aquaculture processing (Fitridge et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

South¹,

Floerl²,

Jeffs³

2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The majority of juvenile seed mussels are lost in aquaculture production. Understanding the causes of the losses of seed mussels is critical to reducing uncertainties in mussel aquaculture production. One major cause of loss appears to be the secondary settlement behaviour of mussels, which is thought to be a behavioural process by which larger juveniles can safely recruit among adults. This implies that once a juvenile mussel has settled among adults, there is either some impetus to remain or other positive interactions that promote increased survival. In this study, 2 densities (5 and 20 per 45 cm experimental rope) of adult green-lipped mussels Perna canaliculus were deployed alongside juvenile seed mussels to test whether this enhanced the retention of the juveniles in a typical suspended culture. Adult shells were also deployed to ascertain whether any effects were due to the physical presence of the mussels or the influence of their biological functioning. The presence of adult mussels or shells did not increase the retention of juvenile P. canaliculus, but small-scale movements of juveniles were increased by the addition of 20 live adult mussels per experimental rope. However, the presence of adult mussels and mussel shells on experimental ropes greatly increased the abundance of biofouling organisms. While the addition of live adult mussels or shells failed to provide a simple tool for increasing retention of seed mussels on aquaculture lines, they offer new insights into the identity and ecology of key biofouling organisms that can be problematic in mussel aquaculture production.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

South¹,

Floerl²,

Jeffs³

2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…In New Zealand, Mytilus can pre-empt space on Perna spat-catching ropes, and recruit directly onto Perna spat (a process referred to by industry as 'over-settlement'), thereby significantly reducing spat supply. For example, Mytilus that is transferred onto nursery ropes during Perna seeding processes can significantly decrease Perna retention on the lines, with Perna seed losses in some cases exceeding 95% (Carton et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling long-term recruitment patterns of blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis: a biofouling pest of green-lipped mussel aquaculture in New Zealand

Atalah¹,

Rabel²,

Forrest³

2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus forms the cornerstone of the New Zealand aquaculture industry. Like shellfish farming globally, P. canaliculus aquaculture is susceptible to the detrimental effects of biofouling. One of the greatest ongoing threats results from the recruitment of blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis onto cultured P. canaliculus and ropes used for collecting or on-growing juvenile stock. Using a dataset spanning 40 yr, we modelled spatio-temporal patterns in M. galloprovincialis recruitment in relation to a suite of potential explanatory variables and tested the ability of the best model to forecast recruitment. Our goal was to identify locations (sites and water depths) and times of peak M. galloprovincialis abundances, to enable the industry to implement management practices to minimise operational risks. Despite large inter-annual and spatial variability in recruitment patterns, our analyses revealed an upward trend in the abundance of M. galloprovincialis over the last 2 decades. Generally, seasonal patterns in abundance showed a large recruitment peak in October and a smaller one in April. There was a strong negative effect of depth, and weak effects of sea surface temperature and Southern Oscillation Index (in the previous month) on M. galloprovincialis abundances. The best model fitted the data well (R 2 = 0.72); however, it provided only moderate forecasting power (R 2 = 0.16), highlighting the challenges in forecasting recruitment. These results have been incorporated into a web application that enables aquaculture companies to interactively investigate historic trends in M. galloprovincialis and forecast abundances in the month ahead.

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Evaluation of separation of seed mussels from macroalgae using chlorination

Skelton,

Jeffs

2023

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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Growing seed mussels (spat) to larger sizes in single‐seed nursery culture systems prior to seeding onto coastal mussel farms is an effective approach for greatly reducing costly spat losses during this stage of mussel aquaculture. However, the production of single‐seed mussel spat in nursery culture systems relies on first separating spat from the settlement substrata to which they are attached, whether spat are settled in a hatchery or gathered from the wild. This study sought to determine whether chlorination could be an effective approach for separating wild Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) spat from beachcast macroalgal material (Kaitaia spat material) harvested from a beach in northern New Zealand. The results demonstrate that chlorination (i.e. in solutions of up to 0.625% sodium hypochlorite) is a highly effective approach for separating spat, resulting in the detachment of up to 94.6% in one treatment without increasing mortality relative to controls. The effectiveness of chlorination was modulated by spat density, with increasing spat densities, lowering rates of detachment. While chlorination is effective at separating small spat (i.e. successfully separating 72.4% of spat <750 μm in shell length) overall spat densities, further investigation is required to determine how to effectively separate larger spat (i.e. with chlorination only successfully separating 21.5% of spat >750 μm). The high survival (relative to the control treatments) also suggests that chlorine concentrations and exposure durations could be increased from those used in this study. These results demonstrate that chlorination can be used to separate spat from substrate prior to their transfer to nursery systems for ongrowing, paving the way for such approaches for reducing spat losses to be integrated into the aquaculture production cycle.

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Evaluation of methods for assessing the retention of seed mussels (Perna canaliculus) prior to seeding for grow-out

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

Modelling long-term recruitment patterns of blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis: a biofouling pest of green-lipped mussel aquaculture in New Zealand

Evaluation of separation of seed mussels from macroalgae using chlorination

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