Evaluation of Methyl Bromide Alternatives Efficacy against Soil-Borne Pathogens, Nematodes and Soil Microbial Community

Abstract

Methyl bromide (MB) and other alternatives were evaluated for suppression of Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., and Meloidogyne spp. and their influence on soil microbial communities. Both Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. were significantly reduced by the MB (30.74 mg kg-1), methyl iodide (MI: 45.58 mg kg-1), metham sodium (MS: 53.92 mg kg-1) treatments. MS exhibited comparable effectiveness to MB in controlling Meloidogyne spp. and total nematodes, followed by MI at the tested rate. By contrast, sulfuryl fluoride (SF: 33.04 mg kg-1) and chloroform (CF: 23.68 mg kg-1) showed low efficacy in controlling Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., and Meloidogyne spp. MB, MI and MS significantly lowered the abundance of different microbial populations and microbial biomass in soil, whereas SF and CF had limited influence on them compared with the control. Diversity indices in Biolog studies decreased in response to fumigation, but no significant difference was found among treatments in PLFA studies. Principal component and cluster analyses of Biolog and PLFA data sets revealed that MB and MI treatments greatly influenced the soil microbial community functional and structural diversity compared with SF treatment. These results suggest that fumigants with high effectiveness in suppressing soil-borne disease could significantly influence soil microbial community.

Different mechanisms of Trichoderma virens‐mediated resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt involve the jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways

“…The application of soil fumigants, such as methyl bromide, is an effective method for disease management. However, the use of such pesticides can have negative impacts on the environment and human health (Sivan and Chet, 1993;Xie et al, 2015). Although the breeding of tomato cultivars resistant to Fusarium wilt is both cost-effective and environmentally acceptable, new strains of FOL continue to emerge that counteract the resistance of these cultivars.…”

Effect of soil fumigants on degradation of abamectin and their combination synergistic effect to root-knot nematode

“…Soilborne diseases caused by Fusarium wilt and Root Knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne spp ., RKN) can be carried over each year by diseased plants, soil and seeds [ 2 ]. Soil fumigation is the most effective and reliable way to prevent soilborne diseases being perpetuated in greenhouse crop production [ 3 , 4 ]. Methyl bromide (MB) was the most commonly used fumigant until it was phased out globally under the Montreal Protocol due to its ability to damage the ozone layer [ 5 ].…”

Lutte contre la maladie du bayoud par solarisation et fumigation du sol. Une expérimentation dans les palmeraies du Maroc

“…Ce fumigant est un générateur de méthyle isothiocyanate qui a un large spectre d'action sur les pathogènes vivant dans le sol (Duniway, 2002 ;Xie et al, 2015). Mais une étude a montré que la génération et la dissipation du méthyle isothiocyanate sont très tributaires des conditions du sol (Shachaf et al, 2007).…”

“…Depuis l'interdiction de l'usage du bromure de méthyle pour ses effets sur la couche d'ozone (protocole de Montréal), des études visant le développement d'alternatives ont été menées (Duniway, 2002). Le metam sodium est l'un des produits ayant montré une bonne aptitude à contrôler les pathogènes telluriques (Hamm et al, 2003 ;Shachaf et al, 2007 ;Xie et al, 2015).…”