Evaluation of micro-RNA in extracellular vesicles from blood of patients with prostate cancer

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various types of molecules including micro-RNAs, so isolating EVs can be an effective way to analyze and diagnose diseases. A lot of micro-RNAs have been known in relation to prostate cancer (PCa), and we evaluate miR-21, miR-141, and miR-221 in EVs and compare them with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). EVs were isolated from plasma of 38 patients with prostate cancer and 8 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using a method that showed the highest recovery of RNA. Isolation of EVs concentrated micro-RNAs, reducing the cycle threshold (Ct) value of RT-qPCR amplification of micro-RNA such as miR-16 by 5.12 and miR-191 by 4.65, compared to the values before EV isolation. Normalization of target micro-RNAs was done using miR-191. For miR-221, the mean expression level of patients with localized PCa was significantly higher than that of the control group, having 33.45 times higher expression than the control group (p < 0.01). Area under curve (AUC) between BPH and PCa for miR-221 was 0.98 (p < 0.0001), which was better than AUC for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in serum for the same patients. The levels of miR-21 and miR-141 in EVs did not show significant changes in patients with PCa compared to the control group in this study. This study suggests isolating EVs can be a helpful approach in analyzing micro-RNAs with regard to disease.

Integrative Metabolomic Analysis of Serum and Selected Serum Exosomal microRNA in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

“…Exosomes containing miRs, secreted by cancer cells, can be internalized by neighboring or distant recipient cells, facilitating tumor development [ 18 ]. The miRs from the miR-15/16 cluster are acknowledged as tumor suppressors, with documented reductions in various cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic lymphoma [ 66 ], pituitary adenomas [ 67 ], and PC [ 68 ]. Consistent with prior research, we observed a significant downregulation of serum exosomal miR-15a and miR-16 (fold regulation of −2.00 and −3.24, respectively) in mCRPC patients.…”

“…In line with our study, Damodaran et al (2021) revealed a significant downregulation of miR-21 in PC patients [ 84 ]. Conversely, Kim et al (2021) reported no significant alterations in miR-21 and miR-141 levels in extracellular vesicles of PC patients compared to the control group [ 68 ]. Our investigation shows a decreased expression of serum exosomal miR-21 levels in mCRPC patients.…”

“…Radiological imaging techniques, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), and nuclear medicine methods, notably skeletal scintigraphy and positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing 68 Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands, play pivotal roles in diagnosing the advanced stages of PC [5]. There is also an increasing focus on the MRI-guided prostate biopsy [6].…”

Integrative Metabolomic Analysis of Serum and Selected Serum Exosomal microRNA in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

“…Exosomes containing miRs, secreted by cancer cells, can be internalized by neighboring or distant recipient cells, facilitating tumor development [16]. The miRs from the miR-15/16 cluster are acknowledged as tumor suppressors, with documented reductions in various cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic lymphoma [64], pituitary adenomas [65], and prostate cancer [66]. Consistent with prior research, we observed a significant downregulation of serum exosomal miR-15a and miR-16 (fold regulation of -2.00 and -3.24, respectively) in mCRPC patients.…”

Expression Analysis of miRNAs and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Detection

“…To identify miRNAs as potential biomarkers, first, it is necessary to identify their specific expression profile in the tissue of patients with and without PCa, thus attributing this deregulation to the carcinogenic events that occur in the prostate and evaluating whether these miRNAs conserved the differential expression in some body fluid and whether this is related to their expression in the specific tissue. In addition, numerous studies have reported the utility of miRNAs for disease detection and prognosis ( Byun et al, 2022 ; Giglio et al., 2021 ; Kim et al, 2021 ; Lyu et al, 2019 ; Porzycki et al, 2018 ; Suer et al, 2019 ). miRNAs miR141-3p ( Osipov et al, 2016 ; Xiao et al, 2012 ), miR145-5p ( Wang et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2019 ), miR146a-5p ( Fredsøe et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2017 ), and miR148b-3p ( Feng et al, 2019 ; Tomeva et al, 2022 ; Walter et al, 2013 ) have been suggested as predictive molecules for cancer, and especially in PCa for their role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis.…”