Evaluation of microbial elicitors to induce plant immunity for tomato wilt

Abstract

The bioactive compounds of Chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A and trichotoxin mixture used as microbial elicitors to elicit -tomatine in tomato was investigated. The -tomatine was detected from tomato seedlings var. Sida sprayed with chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A and trichotoxin mixture, followed by the inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f sp lycopersici. Results show that disease immunity on treated tomato seedlings with chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A and trichotoxin mixture at concentration 50 ug/ml after 10 days were 44.97, 35.18 and 39.43%, respectively, while prochloraz showed disease immunity of 29.95%. The stems and leaves of tomato were extracted and spotted on TLC yielded green spot which showed Rf = 0.23 as same as a spot of standard -tomatine. Tomato extracts were subjected into vial and analyzed for -tomatine in HPLC system. Tomato treated with chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A and trichotoxin mixture at 15 days expressed -tomatine quantity as 207.87, 254.25, and 205.04 ug/g which significantly were higher than for prochloraz and the inoculated control whose -tomatine quantity were 131.56 and 77.46 ug/g, respectively. It showed that chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A and trichotoxin mixture could induce -tomatine in tomato plants implying disease immunity against Fusarium wilt of tomato var. Sida through phytoalexin production. The bioactive compounds were tested for their efficacies to induce immunity in tomato wilt in vivo. The results reveal that all bioactive compounds at concentration 10, 50 and 100 µg/ml could induce plant immunity in tomato between 53.80-65.15% which significantly had higher plant disease immunity than prochloraz (26.73%) indicating that these bioactive compounds play an important role as microbial elicitors.

Nanobiofungicides: is it the next-generation of fungicides?

“…Few researchers have studied the combined antimicrobial effect of inorganic NPs with bioorganic pesticides in the field of plant protection, let alone demonstrated synergistic effect [21][22] . The effect of combination between different active ingredients may increase antimicrobial activity, reduce pesticide usage and delay the development of fungal resistance [23][24] . Ecofriendly hybird nanofungicides enable smaller quantities of the fungicides to be used effectively over a given period of time interval and in that their design enables them to resist the severe environmental processes that act to eliminate conventionally applied pesticides, i.e., leaching, evaporation and photolytic, chemical hydrolysis and biodegradation.…”

Chromanone Lactones: A Neglected Group of Natural Products – Isolation, Structure Elucidation, Bioactivity, and Synthesis

“…Chaetomanone (239) exhibited moderate activity against M. tuberculosis, [70] and displayed some interesting effect on the production of α-tomatine in tomato plants improving the disease immunity. [71] It was also demonstrated to have a similar effect on cayenne pepper plants, preventing infections. [72] From Chaetomium elatum another fused chromanone lactone named xanthoquinodin A4 (240) was isolated by Chen et al [68] Single crystal X-ray crystallography and ECD calculations allowed to elucidate its relative and absolute stereochemistry as (2S,4aR,10S,2'R,9'S).…”

“…The elucidation was achieved using standard procedures, and extensive NOE experiments allowed the determination of the relative stereochemistry as (2 S* ,4a R* ,9a S* ,2’ R* ,9’ S* ). Chaetomanone ( 239 ) exhibited moderate activity against M. tuberculosis , [70] and displayed some interesting effect on the production of α‐tomatine in tomato plants improving the disease immunity [71] . It was also demonstrated to have a similar effect on cayenne pepper plants, preventing infections [72]…”