Evaluation of Microleakage by Gas Permeability and Marginal Adaptation of MTA and Biodentine™ Apical Plugs: In Vitro Study

Abstract

The endodontic treatment of teeth with incomplete development is always a complex task. Nowadays, biomaterials such as bioceramics offers promising clinical evidence that supports its use. However, the standardization of its use for apexification purpose still needs a deeper understanding of the materials’ behavior. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the marginal adaptability and microleakage by gas permeability of MTA and Biodentine™ apical plugs in an in vitro model. Materials and methods: Twenty-four single rooted human teeth were selected according to previously stablished inclusion criteria. All samples were prepared obtaining standard cylindrical internal canals with a diameter of 1.3 mm. Root canals were gently rinsed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and EDTA 17%. The apical 3mm and remaining coronal dental structure were sectioned to obtain 10mm roots. Roots were randomly assigned to 3 different groups as follows: GROUP A: MTA (n=10), GROUP B: Biodentine™ (n=10) and Group C: Control (positive n=1, negative n=3). MTA and Biodentine™ were prepared according to manufacturer’s indications, and apical plugs of 4mm were passively placed in the correspondent teeth. All samples were stored in saline solution for 7 days at 37°C before evaluation. Samples were mounted in cylindrical sample-holders using epoxy resin. Microleakage was evaluated with an automatic permeability detector that calculates nitrogen diffusion between the material-root interphase. After microleakage evaluation, the samples were recovered and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microleakage results were analyzed using Chi-square and adaptation was evaluated with a descriptive analysis. Results: None of the evaluated materials completely avoided the nitrogen microleakage (positive leakage of 10% and 20% of samples for MTA and Biodentine™ respectively); with no statistical significant difference between groups (p=0.527). All apical plugs showed good adaptation under SEM, at 30x, 200x, 1000x and 2500x; with microscopical structures similar to previous reports. Conclusions: Both bioceramics behave similar when used as apical barriers to avoid permeability, with acceptable marginal adaptation. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate these results.

Non-Destructive In Vitro Evaluation of an Internal Adaptation of Recent Pulp-Capping Materials in Permanent Teeth Using OCT and Micro-CT

“…Based on the MCT and OCT findings in this work, comparable outcomes were observed between Biodentine and MTA in the sealing ability, although to some extent, MTA demonstrated better performance than Biodentine. This was consistent with other studies [ 13 , 14 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], which found that MTA and Biodentine showed similar adaptation. MTA is expected to exhibit excellent adaptation is likely attributable to its expansion over time while it sets, which may reduce the gap within the cavity [ 43 ].…”

“…Yet, few studies have been conducted on Biodentine and TheraCal LC’s internal adaptation to the dentine of permanent teeth when utilized as an indirect pulp-capping material. Moreover, the findings have been inconsistent [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. Additionally, a recent review concludes that these new materials require further investigation to better understand their cytotoxicity, bond strength, and dentin-bridge formation quality [ 15 ].…”

Evaluation of Bioceramic Putty in Comparison to MTA Angelus regarding Marginal Adaptation (In-vitro study)

“…Our result matched with Brenes-valverde, et al (20) who compared the marginal adaptability and microleakage of MTA and Biodentine and statistically there was no significant difference between two materials. Also, with Dimitrova et al (17) in which the study involved comparing the adaptability potential of different calcium silicate based cements when used to treat large furcal perforations using SEM.…”