Evaluation of Microleakage by Gas Permeability and Marginal Adaptation of MTA and Biodentine™ Apical Plugs: In Vitro Study

Abstract

The endodontic treatment of teeth with incomplete development is always a complex task. Nowadays, biomaterials such as bioceramics offers promising clinical evidence that supports its use. However, the standardization of its use for apexification purpose still needs a deeper understanding of the materials’ behavior. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the marginal adaptability and microleakage by gas permeability of MTA and Biodentine™ apical plugs in an in vitro model. Materials and methods: Twenty-four single rooted human teeth were selected according to previously stablished inclusion criteria. All samples were prepared obtaining standard cylindrical internal canals with a diameter of 1.3 mm. Root canals were gently rinsed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and EDTA 17%. The apical 3mm and remaining coronal dental structure were sectioned to obtain 10mm roots. Roots were randomly assigned to 3 different groups as follows: GROUP A: MTA (n=10), GROUP B: Biodentine™ (n=10) and Group C: Control (positive n=1, negative n=3). MTA and Biodentine™ were prepared according to manufacturer’s indications, and apical plugs of 4mm were passively placed in the correspondent teeth. All samples were stored in saline solution for 7 days at 37°C before evaluation. Samples were mounted in cylindrical sample-holders using epoxy resin. Microleakage was evaluated with an automatic permeability detector that calculates nitrogen diffusion between the material-root interphase. After microleakage evaluation, the samples were recovered and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microleakage results were analyzed using Chi-square and adaptation was evaluated with a descriptive analysis. Results: None of the evaluated materials completely avoided the nitrogen microleakage (positive leakage of 10% and 20% of samples for MTA and Biodentine™ respectively); with no statistical significant difference between groups (p=0.527). All apical plugs showed good adaptation under SEM, at 30x, 200x, 1000x and 2500x; with microscopical structures similar to previous reports. Conclusions: Both bioceramics behave similar when used as apical barriers to avoid permeability, with acceptable marginal adaptation. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate these results.

Tomographic Evaluation of the Internal Adaptation for Recent Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Materials in Primary Teeth

“…Although MTA showed, to some extent, better adaptation than Biodentine, they did not differ significantly. This was in agreement with Mohan et al, Brenes-Valverde et al, and Juez et al [ 37 , 38 , 49 ], who found that MTA and Biodentine showed similar adaptation. The high sealing ability of MTA is probably due to the setting expansion with time, which likely leads to the closure of the gaps inside the cavity [ 15 ].…”

“…Few studies have addressed the internal adaptation of new pulp capping materials (TheraCal and Biodentine), and they reported a dialectical outcome [ 10 , 37 , 38 ]. Furthermore, no research has been performed to correlate OCT with Micro-CT for the evaluation of internal adaptation of pulp capping materials.…”

Microleakage in Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine as Orthograde Apical Plugs in Permanent Teeth Simulated With Open Apices: An in-Vitro Evaluation

“…15 The main objective of all endodontic procedures is to obtain a hermetic seal between the periodontium and root canal foramina. 16 The apical plug method is regarded as the golden standard for apexification as it is a single visit technique, has less need for patient's cooperation and gives satisfactory results 17 therefore, MTA and Biodentine are recommended options to perform apexification plugs. 18 In-vitro experimental study should be performed before embarking on to in-vivo studies.…”

Biodentine stimulates the migratory and biological responses of human gingival fibroblast

“…6 Also, in vitro evaluations consistently report that BD and MTA can increase the cell proliferation and biomineralization of dental pulp cells. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In addition, the cells' features are important to consider; previously reported data showed that GF have distinct functional activities during the regeneration and repair of periodontal tissues, and that PF can differentiate to diverse cell types, including osteoblast, depending on the external stimuli. [15][16][17][18] In the present study, we used an in vitro model to compare the effects of MTA and BD in GF, and compared the results with the effects on PF.…”

“…[19][20][21] It has been suggested that MTA and BD release toxic substances before complete setting, and that the toxicity disappears with time. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In this regard, few studies have evaluated the cytotoxic effects of bioactive endodontic cements on primary cell lines at 168 hours.…”