Evaluation of milk yield of Three-breed (1/4 Caucasian grey x 1/4 Jersey x 1/2 Holstein) genotype cows under conditions of manger-pasture keeping

Relevance. Insufficient feeding has a negative effect on the metabolism and health of the cow, as well as on the condition of the offspring being born. Weak calves that have not accumulated reserve nutrients by birth are susceptible to various diseases.The purpose of the work is to study the effect of the use of mineral feed additives when feeding heifers on the growth and development, safety of newborn young.Methods. To conduct the study in a typical breeding plant for the region, 3 groups of heifers (10 heads each) were formed — a control group and two experimental ones based on the principle of pairs of analogues. The safety of calves and their weight growth were assessed by weighing individually and calculating growth indicators according to generally accepted methods and formulas. The impact of the use of mineral feed additives when feeding heifers during the deadwood period on the health of calves was evaluated.Results. It was found that the use of such mineral feed additives as zeolite from the Karinsky deposit and “Mineral Active” to heifers in the third trimester of pregnancy had a positive effect on the growth and safety of newborn calves. Calves of the experimental groups had a live birth weight significantly higher than calves obtained from heifers of the control group. To some extent, this had an impact on the live weight of calves at 3 months of age (p < 0.01). Despite the significant difference in live weight and average daily live weight gains in favor of calves of the experimental groups, the relative increase (or growth intensity) turned out to be higher in calves of the control group with almost unchanged growth multiplicity.

Weight growth and safety of calves against the background of the use of mineral feed additives

Uryumtseva,

Gorelik,

Gorelik

et al. 2024

Productive qualities of cows against the background of the use of mineral feed additives

Gorelik,

Uryumtseva

et al. 2024

Relevance. Holstein dairy cattle are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, its improvement is carried out by selecting and selecting the best for further breeding. In order for them to display their genetic potential of productivity, it is necessary to ensure a balanced diet. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the productive qualities of cows against the background of the use of mineral feed additives.Methods. To conduct the study in a typical breeding reproducer for the region, 3 groups of heifers in the last trimester of pregnancy (10 heads each) were formed — a control group and two experimental ones based on the principle of pairs of analogues. The dairy productivity of cows for the first lactation was assessed by control milking once a month. The fat and protein content in milk was assessed in an average milk sample once a month from each cow. Reproduction indicators were established by the duration of the periods of the reproduction cycle and the coefficient of reproductive ability.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of mineral feed additives zeolite of the Karinsky deposit and “Mineral Active” in feeding heifers had a positive effect on milk productivity and reproductive qualities of first-calf cows. The highest milk yield for lactation was shown by the first heifers of the 3rd group, who received the “Mineral Active” mineral supplement for 15 days before calving. The fat content was higher in the milk of cows of the 2nd group, protein — in the milk of cows of the 3rd group. The primary heifer cows of the 3rd group had an advantage in the yield of milk fat and protein, which surpassed their peers in these indicators by 10.1 kg (2.9%, group 2) and 32.6 kg (9.3%, group 1) in milk fat and by 21.0 kg (6.9%) and 29.8 kg (9.8%) of milk protein, respectively. The animals receiving mineral feed additives in the diet were distinguished by a shorter service period, which turned out to be lower by 29.0% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with animals of the 1st group (control). Cows of all groups had an average fruiting period of 286 ± 2.9 — 289 ± 3.2 days.

Improving the conditions of keeping and feeding dairy cows

Ovchinnikova,

Sudakov,

Maksimyuk

et al. 2024

Relevance. The importance of dairy cattle breeding is determined by the main results — the production of milk and dairy products. Therefore, an urgent area of research is to improve the conditions of maintenance and feeding in the cultivation of dairy cows.Methods. The research was conducted in 2023–2024 in one of the peasant farms (KFH) of the dairy sector of the Novgorod region. For the experiment, groups of cows-analogues of the black-and-white breed were formed. In addition to the main diet, the experimental group was fed G-500 feed concentrate consisting of a complex of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus licheniformis bacteria at a concentration of 1 × 1010 CFU/g and a mineral feed additive Na6(FlO2)6(SiO2)30x24H2O produced by JSC NPF “Nov”. 14 days after the end of feeding, control milking and blood tests were performed to detectthe aftereffect of the drugs. Before and during the experiment, the litter and the barn premises were also treated with powder and a solution of thermophilic bacteria “Multi-25”. The resulting milk was analyzed for compliance with GOST 31499-2013 Raw cow’s milk. Statistical data processing was performed in the Microsoft Office Excel program.Results. As a result of the conducted scientific and economic experience to improve the conditions of maintenance and feeding, the experimental group exceeded the control group by 2.65 liters in average daily milk yield; the fat and protein content in the milk of experimental cows were higher, respectively, by 0.8% and 5.97% compared with the control. The shelf life of milk has increased.The metabolic processes of the cows improved: the blood of the experimental animals had 5.4% higher total protein content, 17.4% higher creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase — 16% higher compared to the animals of the control group. The higher level of immune protection of the cows of the experimental group confirms the excess of the “albumin — globulin” ratio (by 6.8%) in them.