Evaluation of Misalignment Effect in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Experimental Demonstration of a 75 Meters Link

Abstract

The use of visible light communications technology in communication-based vehicle applications is gaining more and more interest as the research community is constantly overcoming challenge after challenge. In this context, this article addresses the issues associated with the use of Visible Light Communications (VLC) technology in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications, while focusing on two crucial issues. On the one hand, it aims to investigate the achievable communication distance in V2V applications while addressing the least favorable case, namely the one when a standard vehicle rear lighting system is used as a VLC emitter. On the other hand, this article investigates another highly unfavorable use case scenario, i.e., the case when two vehicles are located on adjacent lanes, rather than on the same lane. In order to evaluate the compatibility of the VLC technology with the usage in inter-vehicle communication, a VLC prototype is intensively evaluated in outdoor conditions. The experimental results show a record V2V VLC distance of 75 m, while providing a Bit Error Ratio (BER) of 10−7–10−6. The results also show that the VLC technology is able to provide V2V connectivity even in a situation where the vehicles are located on adjacent lanes, without a major impact on the link performances. Nevertheless, this situation generates an initial no-coverage zone, which is determined by the VLC receiver reception angle, whereas in some cases, vehicle misalignment can generate a BER increase that can go up to two orders of magnitude.

Analysis and Experimental Investigation of the Light Dimming Effect on Automotive Visible Light Communications Performances

“…Thus, in such conditions, light dimming to 1–2% almost halves the communication range, while increasing the BER with three orders of magnitude. To have a clearer effect concerning the light dimming effect, Figure 15 includes for comparison purposes the results of a different experiment [ 43 ] performed without light dimming, on a less sunny day, with OOK modulation, Manchester coding, and a data rate of 100 kb/s. These comparative results show that the V2V VLC can provide a communication range of over 70 m. This comparison reconfirms the negative effect of light dimming on the SNR level.…”

“…In order to experimentally evaluate the effect of light dimming on vehicular VLC performances, a VLC prototype has been implemented. The proposed architecture has been described in [ 43 ], where the VLC prototype has been used to evaluate the influence of vehicle misalignment over the performances of V2V communications. Thus, this section will provide a brief description that offers an adequate understanding of the concept, while also focusing on the improvements needed to enable light dimming.…”

“…These experiments have been performed in friendlier conditions, while using OOK modulation, Manchester coding, and a 100 kb/s data rate. Complete details concerning the experiments and the setup are available in [ 43 ].…”

Analysis and Experiment of Wireless Optical Communications in Applications Dedicated to Mobile Devices with Applicability in the Field of Road and Pedestrian Safety

“…When we use the same process for the external environment, things are much more delicate because parasitic light and disturbing sources are present everywhere. The first solution used by most research groups to solve the stated problem was the Manchester coding which helps in the process of eliminating the flicker of light and reducing losses [34,35]. Although its use reduces certain aspects, sometimes the changes in the light of an LED are seen by the human eye when the luminescence exceeds the threshold of 200 Hz, a threshold considered safe [36].…”

Electronic Surveillance in Court Proceedings and in the Execution of Criminal Penalties: Legislative and Logistical Steps Regarding Operationalising the Electronic Monitoring Information System (EMIS) in Romania

“…It would be hard to imagine the today's socio-economic life without the electronic devices and equipment that have been made available to society. Whether used for personal use or at home, for making purchases or payments, in education, transportation, in dealing with healthcare or public authorities, or by companies, banks, or other governmental institutions, these web-based devices (Nistor and Zadobrischi 2022;James and Abiola 2021;Lavric et al 2022;Avătămănit , ei et al 2021;Misra et al 2016) could be seen as essential for most people in society. Evidently, the high pace of research and technological advancement has contributed to permanent appearance of new tools and electronic equipment-related to ICT (Information and communications technology), in addition to the upgrading of the already existent devices) (Nguyen and Doytch 2021;Miron et al 2008;Tamaş and Năstase 2008;Isaila 2012;Vîrgolici 2014;Spiezia 2012;Karaman Aksentijević et al 2021;Farhadi et al 2012)-so that the process of extension of such facilities to new human activities (Tofan and Bostan 2022;Alhmiedat and Aborokbah 2021;Yeh 2010Yeh , 2015, some of them being unconceivable until recently, has been in full development.…”