Evaluation of Miticides to Control Hemp Russet Mite on Indoor Hemp in Virginia, 2019

Britt, Kadie E; Kuhar, Thomas P.

doi:10.1093/amt/tsaa082

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies evaluated the effectiveness of pesticides for management of HRM using a range of pesticides (Britt and Kuhar 2020; M. Schreiner and W. Cranshaw, unpublished data, 2018, 2019); however, these studies were limited to mite counts and did not determine the effect on biomass or cannabinoid yield. The current study was the first to quantify the effects of HRM on hemp yield and quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that natural enemies may play some role in suppressing HRM populations in the field; however, studies into the efficacy of these enemies in controlling HRM are limited. No commercially available biological control agents have been shown to economically manage HRM (Britt et al 2020, unpublished data of authors). The life history is underdescribed in several aspects, including how HRM is maintained between crop cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and management of hemp russet mite (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Hayes

Carter

MacWilliams

et al. 2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Hemp is rapidly becoming a crop of global agricultural importance, and one of the more serious pests of this crop is hemp russet mite (HRM) Aculops cannabicola (Acari: Eriophyidae). Significant knowledge gaps presently exist regarding critical aspects of pest biology, quantification of crop damage, and efficacy of pesticides. Here we assessed the role of cannabidiol (CBD) on HRM performance, efficacy of sulfur treatments in field trials, and effect of hot water immersion with and without surfactants in reducing HRM counts on hemp cuttings. We found that HRM fecundity was reduced on a high-CBD cultivar compared with a low-CBD cultivar in detached leaf assays. In contrast, HRM fecundity and survival were not impacted when reared on high-CBD diet in artificial feeding assays. This suggests that cannabinoids other than CBD may aid in reduction of mite populations on the high-CBD cultivar. Sulfur sprays reduced HRM populations by up to 98% with the greatest effects seen in plants receiving dual applications, one during the vegetative period in July and the second at the initiation of flowering in August. Yields of plants treated with sulfur increased by up to 33%, and there was a further increase in cannabinoid production by up to 45% relative to untreated plants. Hot water immersion treatments with and without surfactant solution reduced HRM on infested hemp cuttings, and no phytotoxicity was observed. This study provides novel approaches to mitigating HRM at multiple stages in hemp production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and management of hemp russet mite (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Hayes

Carter

MacWilliams

et al. 2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…This lack of knowledge extends to most stakeholders, including researchers, growers, extension agents, and consultants. Notably, there are currently only six peer-reviewed scientific articles that discuss insect pests of indoor cannabis cultivation (Cranshaw et al, 2018;Britt and Kuhar, 2020;Cranshaw and Wainwright-Evans, 2020;Grammenos et al, 2021;McCune et al, 2021;Kostanda and Khatib, 2022). Despite these knowledge gaps, biological control has been rapidly adopted throughout the industry and is often used concurrently with biopesticide programs.…”

Section: Insect Pest Management In Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Biological Control Agents Used to Manage Insect Pests in Indoor Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) Cultivation

2022

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Current biological control strategies in cannabis (Cannabis sativa) cultivation have resulted in poor efficacy for managing certain insect pests. The cannabis industry has grown at a rapid pace, surpassing our ability to develop knowledge on the production systems for this crop. Currently, the research focus is on optimizing agronomic and environmental factors to maximize the yield and quality of cannabis. However, cannabis growers are increasingly challenged by severe insect pest pressure, with few effective options. Decades of research have optimized biological control strategies in other crops. The implementation of effective biological control strategies in cannabis is hindered by a variety of morphological, biochemical, and agronomic factors unique to this crop. Here, we review the rather limited literature relevant to insect pest management in indoor cannabis production. Further, we have identified three factors that we believe are primarily responsible for the ineffectiveness of biological control in cannabis: Plant morphology including trichome density and floral resources, effects of plant biochemistry on prey suitability, and finally the effects of supplemental lighting including photoperiod, intensity, and spectrum. We highlight the importance of prioritizing the evaluation of these factors to improve our understanding of the tritrophic interactions governing the success of biological control in cannabis cultivation. As intensive research efforts are underway to optimize agronomic practices for cannabis, it is also important to consider their relevance to biological control.

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“…Growers report fewer issues with mite pests in the field, but they cause significant damage in the greenhouse, and it is critical to develop sustainable pest control strategies to protect mothers, seedlings, and clones prior to transplant ( Cranshaw et al 2019 ). Currently, there are few pesticides registered for use in hemp ( Visković et al 2023 ), none with proven efficacy, and there are limited research-based recommendations for insect or mite management in hemp ( Britt and Kuhar 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of piercing-sucking pests on greenhouse-grown industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Pulkoski

Burrack

2023

Environmental Entomology

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Cannabis sativa or hemp, defined as <0.3% total tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is a specialty crop in the United States, of particular interest among growers in the southeastern United States to replace tobacco production. Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider mite), Aculops cannabicola (hemp russet mite), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mites), and Phorodon cannabis (cannabis aphids) are considered the most significant pests in greenhouse grown hemp. Mite and aphid injury can cause cupping and yellowing of leaves, resulting in leaf drop, and reduced flower and resin production. We sought to understand the effects of feeding by T. urticae and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), as a proxy for P. cannabis, on the concentration of economically significant cannabinoids through a series of experiments on greenhouse grown plants. First, we compared the variability of chemical concentrations in samples collected from individual plants versus pooled samples from 5 plants, and found that chemical concentrations in single plants were similar to those in pooled plant samples. Next, we compared chemical concentrations prior to arthropod infestation and post infestation. When evaluating the mite feeding damage in 2020, cannabinoids in plants infested with high densities of T. urticae increased more slowly than in uninfested control plants or plants infested with low T. urticae densities. In 2021, the concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol did not differ significantly between treatments. Cannabidiol increased more slowly in plants with low T. urticae densities when compared to uninfested controls but did not differ from the high T. urticae densities 14 days after infestation.

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Evaluation of Miticides to Control Hemp Russet Mite on Indoor Hemp in Virginia, 2019

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Biology and management of hemp russet mite (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Biology and management of hemp russet mite (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Biological Control Agents Used to Manage Insect Pests in Indoor Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) Cultivation

Assessing the impact of piercing-sucking pests on greenhouse-grown industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

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