Evaluation of models for dermal exposure assessment in farming systems in developing countries

Abstract

Dermal Exposure Assessment is a crucial aspect within the risk assessment of pesticide use as it may lead to the development and improvement of measures to reduce the health risk of pesticides users. Even though, tools for dermal exposure assessment are available, their implementation in developing countries is problematic as they are designed under working conditions in industrialized countries and most of them are not specifically focused on processes like pesticide management. This paper evaluates dermal exposure models finding out the most appropriate ones to assess dermal exposure of pesticide use in farming systems in developing countries. Seven models (i.e. COSHH, DERM, DREAM, EASE, PHED, RISKOFDERM and STOFFENMANAGER) were evaluated according to a multi-criteria analysis and four models (i.e. DERM, DREAM, PHED and RISKOFDERM) were selected for the assessment of dermal exposure in the case study of potato farming systems in Vereda La Hoya in the highlands in Colombia. The model estimations were compared with dermal exposure measurements made in the study area. The results show that the four models provide different dermal exposure estimations which are not comparable. Because of the simplicity of the algorithms and the specificity of the determinants, the models DERM and DREAM were found to be the most appropriate ones. In addition, it was found that model outcomes would be more accurate in the assessment if determinants like climate conditions, cleaning of the equipment, task duration, personal protective equipment and hygiene habits are included in the models. When comparing the final model assessment of dermal exposure in the study area, DREAM was found as the model that assesses more appropriately dermal exposure because of the qualitative assessment and the type of determinants included in the model.

Assessment of predictive dermal exposure to chemicals in the work environment

“…XX w. brytyjska inspekcja bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy (Health and Safety Executive -HSE) opracowała model EUSES (European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances -system oceny substancji Unii Europejskiej), który pozwalał na szacowanie narażenia inhalacyjnego, ocenę ryzyka związanego z zagrożeniem i przewidywanie narażenia pracownika przez skórę [7,8]. Jego moduł EASE (Estimation and Assessment of Substance Exposure -Oszacowanie i Ocena Narażenia na Substancję) [9] był jednym z pierwszych modeli do ilościowej oceny narażenia zawodowego w przypadku kontaktu substancji ze skórą.…”