Evaluation of Models of Parkinson's Disease

Jagmag, Shail A.; Tripathi, Naveen; Shukla, Sunil Dutt; Maiti, Sankar; Khurana, Sukant

doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00503

Cited by 170 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…The wealth of new insight gained about the genetic and cellular underpinnings of biology might be argued as justification for this relegation of the comparative anatomical sciences, and their associated museum collections, to the disciplinary sidelines. However, because developmental genetics today aims for a genotype/phenotype map that can inform us about our own species' biology, the many millions of years of evolution that stand between H. sapiens and mice still pose a formidable hurdle (8,9,45). We report here that considerable progress for identifying GP skeletal phenotypes beyond the mouse model is possible through transdisciplinary approaches that include the anatomical sciences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The integration of quantitative genetics, paleontology, and neontology reveals genetic underpinnings of primate dental evolution

Hlusko

Schmitt

Monson

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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Developmental genetics research on mice provides a relatively sound understanding of the genes necessary and sufficient to make mammalian teeth. However, mouse dentitions are highly derived compared with human dentitions, complicating the application of these insights to human biology. We used quantitative genetic analyses of data from living nonhuman primates and extensive osteological and paleontological collections to refine our assessment of dental phenotypes so that they better represent how the underlying genetic mechanisms actually influence anatomical variation. We identify ratios that better characterize the output of two dental genetic patterning mechanisms for primate dentitions. These two newly defined phenotypes are heritable with no measurable pleiotropic effects. When we consider how these two phenotypes vary across neontological and paleontological datasets, we find that the major Middle Miocene taxonomic shift in primate diversity is characterized by a shift in these two genetic outputs. Our results build on the mouse model by combining quantitative genetics and paleontology, and thereby elucidate how genetic mechanisms likely underlie major events in primate evolution.paleontology | quantitative genetics | primates | neontology | dental variation T he relationship between genotype and phenotype is critical to evolutionary biology, because it influences how phenotypes respond to selective pressures and evolve (1, 2). Paleontologists have long sought to incorporate the etiology of the dental phenotype to inform on questions of environmental, dietary, and adaptive change over time (3)(4)(5)(6). This research has been advanced significantly by the revolution in developmental genetics over the past few decades (7). Experimental research on mice has yielded tremendous biological insight (8). However, for human phenotypes, ranging from inflammation (9) to placentation (10), the limitations of the mouse model due to the ∼140 million years ago of evolution that have occurred since our last common ancestor ∼70 Ma (11) are starting to be recognized. Here, we demonstrate how to overcome the limitations of the mouse model's application to the primate dentition by integrating research from quantitative genetics, neontology, and paleontology. The insights gained from this transdisciplinary approach have implications for all of these seemingly disparate subdisciplines of biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The integration of quantitative genetics, paleontology, and neontology reveals genetic underpinnings of primate dental evolution

Hlusko

Schmitt

Monson

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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“…The animal models include mouse, rat, C. elegans and fruit fly and the PD features in these in vivo models are mimicked with MPTP, 6-OHDA, rotenone or genetic mutations (reviewed in [102, 103]).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson’s disease research: a systematic review

Xicoy

Wieringa

Martens

2017

Mol Neurodegeneration

761

545

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating and highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which only symptomatic treatment is available. In order to develop a truly effective disease-modifying therapy, improvement of our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis and progression is crucial. For this purpose, standardization of research protocols and disease models is necessary. As human dopaminergic neurons, the cells mainly affected in PD, are difficult to obtain and maintain as primary cells, current PD research is mostly performed with permanently established neuronal cell models, in particular the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y lineage. This cell line is frequently chosen because of its human origin, catecholaminergic (though not strictly dopaminergic) neuronal properties, and ease of maintenance. However, there is no consensus on many fundamental aspects that are associated with its use, such as the effects of culture media composition and of variations in differentiation protocols. Here we present the outcome of a systematic review of scientific articles that have used SH-SY5Y cells to explore PD. We describe the cell source, culture conditions, differentiation protocols, methods/approaches used to mimic PD and the preclinical validation of the SH-SY5Y findings by employing alternative cellular and animal models. Thus, this overview may help to standardize the use of the SH-SY5Y cell line in PD research and serve as a future user’s guide.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0149-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…These models facilitate investigations of PD-associated molecular signaling pathways and first-round screening that can be followed-up in mammalian models (Jagmag et al, 2015). For example, D. melanogaster transgenic models have helped clarify the role of PD candidate genes in mitochondrial physiology (Venderova et al, 2009; Dawson et al, 2010; Guo, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Phenotyping and Pathological Indicators of Parkinson's Disease in C. elegans Models

et al. 2017

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms that progressively worsen with age. Pathologically, PD is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein in cells of the substantia nigra in the brain and loss of dopaminergic neurons. This pathology is associated with impaired movement and reduced cognitive function. The etiology of PD can be attributed to a combination of environmental and genetic factors. A popular animal model, the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, has been frequently used to study the role of genetic and environmental factors in the molecular pathology and behavioral phenotypes associated with PD. The current review summarizes cellular markers and behavioral phenotypes in transgenic and toxin-induced PD models of C. elegans.

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Evaluation of Models of Parkinson's Disease

Cited by 170 publications

References 162 publications

The integration of quantitative genetics, paleontology, and neontology reveals genetic underpinnings of primate dental evolution

The integration of quantitative genetics, paleontology, and neontology reveals genetic underpinnings of primate dental evolution

The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson’s disease research: a systematic review

Behavioral Phenotyping and Pathological Indicators of Parkinson's Disease in C. elegans Models

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