Evaluation of modulus of elasticity, nano-hardness and fracture toughness of TiB2–TiC–Al2O3 composite coating developed by SHS and laser cladding

Nanoindentation and wear properties of Ti and Ti-TiB composite materials produced by selective laser melting

“…Generally, the hardness (H) is defined as the ratio of the maximum load (P max ) to the projected area of the indentation (A c ) according to the following equations [30]:…”

“…where h c is the contact depth at the peak load and can be calculated based on the equation below [30]:…”

“…here, E i and v i represent the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the indenter, while E and v are the corresponding values for the specimen [30].…”

Effect of NiCrBSi content on microstructural evolution, cracking susceptibility and wear behaviors of laser cladding WC/Ni–NiCrBSi composite coatings

“…Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the K IC test, and K IC of the coating was calculated by the following equation [19]:…”

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni60/h-BN self-lubricating anti-wear composite coatings on 304 stainless steel by laser cladding

“…Nano-indentation is different from microhardness, it can reflect the hardness of constitutive phases [26] and the elastic modulus of the coating is important mechanical properties of the coating [27]. Besides, hardness and elastic modulus are affected by materials, microstructure and heat treatment [28].…”