Evaluation of Motor Changes and Toxicity of Insecticides Fipronil and Imidacloprid in Africanized Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Lunardi, Juliana Sartori; Zaluski, Rodrigo; Orsi, Ricardo de Oliveira

doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v64i1.1190

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Analyzes have shown that genes related to muscle function were downregulated, confirming the mobility impairment (Wu et al, 2017b). Motor alterations have also been reported in laboratory trials with sublethal doses of imidacloprid (Lunardi et al, 2017 andBovi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Imidaclopridmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sublethal effects of neonicotinoids in bees: a review

2020

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Beginning in 2006, beekeepers on the east coast of the United States began to report severe declines in their honeybee colonies. Because of the severity and unusual circumstances of these declines, scientists have called this phenomenon colony collapse disorder (CCD). In 2019, 500 million dead bees were found in Brazil. Analyzes of dead bees identified agrochemicals in approximately 80% of them. Thus, it is believed that one of the main causes for CCD is the intensive use of agrochemicals. Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, they are used for pest control in a variety of crops. However, they can not only affect insects considered pests, but also non-target organisms, such as pollinators. This class of insecticides is divided into five main active ingredients: imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, thiacloprid and acetamiprid. Several studies demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of these insecticides affect bees in different ways, such as navigation memory and muscle movements. Thus, this review aims to report the studies published between 2014 and 2019 regarding the contamination of bees with sublethal doses of the five active ingredients of the neonicotinoid class. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are the most used insecticides of this class and show high toxicity to bees. On the other hand, clothianidin showed the least sublethal effects on bees on the studies reported on this review. Thiacloprid and acetamiprid, although less used in agriculture, also impair several aspects of bee health. Thus, it is possible to infer that neonicotinoids are contributing to the disappearance of bees worldwide.

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Section: Imidaclopridmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sublethal effects of neonicotinoids in bees: a review

2020

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“…This is close to one order of magnitude less than a conservatively reported LD 50 for a worker bee ( S1 Table ). However, a range of adverse behavioural and physiological effects for individuals are reported at and below this level of intoxication [ 1 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this level of fipronil desulfinyl is equivalent to the LD 50 for a single bee following dermal contact or direct ingestion of fipronil (see S2 Table ). To the best of our knowledge, no toxicological data have been published to date for fipronil desulfinyl, but a wide range of oral toxicity values have been cited in the literature for fipronil and its other common derivative, fipronil sulfone (see S2 Table and [ 36 , 38 , 43 , 49 – 50 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-detection of honeybee hive contamination following Vespula wasp baiting with protein containing fipronil

et al. 2018

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Introduced wasps (Vespula germanica and V. vulgaris) are costly invertebrate pests in New Zealand, with large impacts on the local ecology and economy. Wasps eat honeybees (Apis mellifera), which has potentially devastating effects on hive health, as well as agricultural and horticultural industries. Vespex bait, which contains fipronil in a proteinaceous carrier, has recently been introduced for wasp control. In over a decade of reported trials, honeybees have never been observed foraging on Vespex, likely because the bait contains no sugars to serve as a bee food source. However, the potential for the control agent fipronil to enter beehives has not been tested. Therefore, here, we investigated this using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay of fipronil and two of its environmental breakdown and metabolic derivatives, fipronil desulfinyl and fipronil sulfone. We did not detect fipronil in any of the worker bee, bee larva, honey or pollen samples (n = 120 per product) collected from 30 hives over a 2-year period. Furthermore, although we detected fipronil desulfinyl in one honeybee sample, this is thought to have originated from a single individual, representing a rare occurrence of intoxication, and there was no evidence that Vespex was the toxicant source. There was also no evidence of trophallactic transfer of fipronil or its derivatives in any of the hives sampled. Previous studies have reported the impairment of individual bee performance at fipronil doses similar to the detection limit of our study. However, our results provide confidence that if undetectable intoxication was occurring, it would involve an acute exposure for those few individuals affected, with minimal impairment to colonies. Therefore, we conclude that the use of Vespex in the vicinity of honeybees does not result in significant hive uptake while effectively reducing wasp pressure on honeybee colonies.

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“…Sublethal health effects can translate into more dramatic effects, for example by increasing disease susceptibility [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] or decreasing tolerance towards other stressors, such as land use intensification [14][15][16][17]. In addition, such pollutants are known to negatively affect learning abilities and/or lower activity levels [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], which may compromise insects even further [19,21,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutants and Their Interaction with Diseases of Social Hymenoptera

Feldhaar

Otti

2020

Insects

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Many insect species, including social insects, are currently declining in abundance and diversity. Pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter from agricultural and industrial sources are among the factors driving this decline. While these pollutants can have direct detrimental effects, they can also result in negative interactive effects when social insects are simultaneously exposed to multiple stressors. For example, sublethal effects of pollutants can increase the disease susceptibility of social insects, and thereby jeopardize their survival. Here we review how pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter interact with social insect physiology and especially the insects’ immune system. We then give an overview of the current knowledge of the interactive effects of these pollutants with pathogens or parasites. While the effects of pesticide exposure on social insects and their interactions with pathogens have been relatively well studied, the effects of other pollutants, such as heavy metals in soil or fine particulate matter from combustion, vehicular transport, agriculture, and coal mining are still largely unknown. We therefore provide an overview of urgently needed knowledge in order to mitigate the decline of social insects.

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Evaluation of Motor Changes and Toxicity of Insecticides Fipronil and Imidacloprid in Africanized Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Sublethal effects of neonicotinoids in bees: a review

Sublethal effects of neonicotinoids in bees: a review

Non-detection of honeybee hive contamination following Vespula wasp baiting with protein containing fipronil

Pollutants and Their Interaction with Diseases of Social Hymenoptera

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