Evaluation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction as an alternative to conventional antibiotic sensitivity test

Rathore, Karishma; Joseph, Bincy; Sharma, Dheeraj; Gaurav, Abhishek; Sk, Sharma; Milind, M; Patel, Paresh N.; Prakash, Chandan; Singh, L. B.

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2018.474-479

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…These are time-consuming processes where time can be the difference between lives saved or lives lost. Newer methods to accelerate this process require costly equipment and special expertise [29], [30]. Similarly, there is need to differentiate between dead and live bacteria after processes intended to sterilize lifesaving fluids or surgical equipment [31] including products intended for ingestion [32], [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Live and Dead Bacteria: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

Dhankhar

Chen

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Raman spectroscopy has been used to identify bacterial strains, bacterial components, such as protein and DNA bases, and the ratio of live to dead bacteria before and after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. New vibrational bands and changes in their intensity as a function of UV irradiation time have been recorded by high resolution Raman spectroscopy which made it possible to determine the mechanism of the UV inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens), and Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) bacteria in saline solutions. We have also employed a novel, new, handheld spectrometer capable of recording, in situ, within minutes, the absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and Raman spectra of bacteria and other biological species and large molecules. INDEX TERMS Bacteria inactivation, optical spectroscopy, principal component analysis, Raman scattering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Live and Dead Bacteria: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

Dhankhar

Chen

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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“…However, Al-Saad et al (2016) and 2019 observed the prevention of DNA expression of the Afla R gene after control of mycotoxigenic A. flavus by probiotic preparation, cinnamon, and olive oils. Moreover, Rathore et al (2018) and Zheng et al (2015) detected that there is a strong relation similarity between traditional diffusion tests and gene expression of bacteria such as S. aureus and Enterococcus faecium treated by traditional drugs (58.3%-100). In addition, the hybrid Nanocomposite with benefit molecules of microbial cells resulted in their damage and death (Xiao et al, 2016;Meena et al (2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Zinc Oxide Nano particles and Curcumin effect on some virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans causing subclinical mastitis in buffalo

El-Hamaky

Mohamed²,

El-Khalek³

et al. 2023

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research

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Nowadays, there are progressive advancements in the biomedical employment of nanotechnology in human and animal health. Today, the dangers of infectious animal diseases and the continuous application of traditional antibiotics resulted in the elevation of the activities of the drugs resistant genes and the failure of their control. Hence, it is necessary to prevent fungal and bacterial pathogens pollution and their toxicity in dairy animal products. Sixty samples were collected from dairy buffalo farms suffering from subclinical mastitis (20 Samples of each from subclinical mastitis milk, animal feeds, and bedding). The species of Staphylococcus is considered the most predominant species, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterial isolate. While, yeast, especially Candida albicans, was the most dominant fungal isolate from different samples of dairy buffalo farms. Our antibiogram of S. aureus and Candida albicans showed a high resistance rate against several traditional antimicrobial agents. Therefore, searching for effective drug materials to overcome drug resistance is needed. Herein, ZnONPs and Curcumin are evaluated singly and, in a composite, to inhibit the growth of C. albicans and S. aureus. The inhibitory dose of ZnONPs for C. albicans and S. aureus were (600 and 600 μg /ml) and in Curcumin were (2% and 3%), respectively. However, the hybrid nanocomposite of ZnONPs (100 μg/ml) with Curcumin (0.25% and 1%) caused suppression of the growth of these pathogens. The nanocomposite of low levels of ZnONPs (100 μg /ml) with (0.25% curcumin) significantly increased the inhibitory effects against C. albicans and S. aureus. The molecular study to detect the efficiency of the treatment doses indicated that the exposure of C. albicans and S. aureus to a low dose of ZnONPs (100 µg/ml) did not affect the DNA expression of virulent genes. While the high dose (600 µg/ml) prevented the DNA expression. However, in the Curcumin treatments of isolates with low doses (0.25), the genes' DNA expression was not affected. While, the high dose (1%), removed the DNA band. All inhibition and removal of virulent genes' DNA of pathogens can be obtained by the combination of low levels of ZnONPs and Curcumin. Hence, it is concluded that the nanocomposites of ZnONPs and Curcumin caused significant effects against pathogens.

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“…Hence, in order to obtain comprehensive insight into the infection, its pathogens and treatment options, which strictly depend on the specific pathogens identified, techniques should be used that are quick, cost-effective and are also able to identify possible drug resistance. After the extensive genotyping of bacteria in recent years, multiplex PCR has been shown to be effective in identifying even multi-drug-resistant pathogens [130,131]. In laboratories that do not have the facility of the most advanced PCR technology, a combination of semen culture and PCR seems reasonable.…”

Section: Comparison Of Traditional Semen Cultures Versus Microbiologi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocytospermia and/or Bacteriospermia: Impact on Male Infertility

Henkel

2024

JCM

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Infertility is a globally underestimated public health concern affecting almost 190 million people, i.e., about 17.5% of people during their lifetime, while the prevalence of male factor infertility is about 7%. Among numerous other causes, the prevalence of male genital tract infections reportedly ranges between 10% and 35%. Leukocytospermia is found in 30% of infertile men and up to 20% in fertile men. Bacterial infections cause an inflammatory response attracting leukocytes, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release cytokines, both of which can cause damage to sperm, rendering them dysfunctional. Although leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia are both clinical conditions that can negatively affect male fertility, there is still debate about their impact on assisted reproduction outcomes and management. According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, leukocytes should be determined by means of the Endtz test or with monoclonal antibodies against CD15, CD68 or CD22. The cut-off value proposed by the WHO is 1 × 106 peroxidase-positive cells/mL. For bacteria, Gram staining and semen culture are regarded as the “gold standard”, while modern techniques such as PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are allowing clinicians to detect a wider range of pathogens. Whereas the WHO manual does not specify a specific value as a cut-off for bacterial contamination, several studies consider semen samples with more than 103 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL as bacteriospermic. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to sperm dysfunction include direct interaction of bacteria with the male germ cells, bacterial release of spermatotoxic substances, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS, all of which lead to oxidative stress. Clinically, bacterial infections, including “silent” infections, are treatable, with antibiotics being the treatment of choice. Yet, non-steroidal antiphlogistics or antioxidants should also be considered to alleviate inflammatory lesions and improve semen quality. In an assisted reproduction set up, sperm separation techniques significantly reduce the bacterial load in the semen. Nonetheless, contamination of the semen sample with skin commensals should be prevented by applying relevant hygiene techniques. In patients where leukocytospermia is detected, the causes (e.g. infection, inflammation, varicocele, smoking, etc.) of the leukocyte infiltration have to be identified and addressed with antibiotics, anti-inflammatories or antioxidants in cases where high oxidative stress levels are detected. However, no specific strategy is available for the management of leukocytospermia. Therefore, the relationship between bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia as well as their specific impact on functional sperm parameters and reproductive outcome variables such as fertilization or clinical pregnancy must be further investigated. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the current knowledge on leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia and their impact on male fertility.

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Evaluation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction as an alternative to conventional antibiotic sensitivity test

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Identification of Live and Dead Bacteria: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

Identification of Live and Dead Bacteria: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

Evaluation of Zinc Oxide Nano particles and Curcumin effect on some virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans causing subclinical mastitis in buffalo

Leukocytospermia and/or Bacteriospermia: Impact on Male Infertility

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