Evaluation of N environmental risks on Andosols from an intensive dairy farming watershed using DNDC

Abstract

Manure nitrogen (N) in the livestock sector has become a key driver of environmental change. The denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model was used to evaluate N pollution strengths on Andosols with intensive dairy manure application in Upper Naka River Watershed, Japan. The calibrated model was capable of predicting Andosol N flows because the simulated soil mineral N content, soil nitrogen oxide (N2O) fluxes, denitrification rate, and crop N uptake matched the patterns and magnitudes of the field observations from a wide range of soil textures, as well as manure management and cropping systems. The simulations showed that current intensive manure application systems caused low crop N use efficiency and a large amount of NO3(-)-N leaching and N2O emission. The crop N use efficiency was 27%-42% and 37%-55% of input N for uplands and paddy rice, respectively. The uplands showed much more serious N environmental pollution risks with N leaching 123-362 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and N2O emissions 6.53-11.8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) than that in the lowland paddy rice with N leaching 17.4-103 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and N2O emissions 0.59-2.77 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Forage rice/barley crop systems have high N cleaning capability due to the greater crop N uptake which reached to 304 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). High precipitation stimulated more NO3(-)-N leaching. Sandy soil also showed higher N leaching and was unsuitable for paddy rice. Slurry application stimulated more N2O emission than compost manure. To mitigate the current high N pollution, the critical N application rate was recommended to be approximately 380, 470, 640, and 390 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) for loam sand planted with maize/grass, loam soil with maize/grass, forage rice/barley, and rice/fallow with winter manure application, respectively.

Unveiling the Efficiency of Psychrophillic Aporrectodea caliginosa in Deciphering the Nutrients from Dalweed and Cow Manure with Bio-Optimization of Coprolites

“…Evoked cattle population has resulted in abundant generation of cattle manure among Himalayan agriculture communities. Mishandling and improper disposal of cattle dung among rural areas generates serious environmental pollution and human health hazards [14], with nutrient (N) losses of 800 kg ha −1 per year through different routes [15] Cow manure is rich in carbon and nutrients, and mismanagement may lead to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and hypertrophication [16][17][18] (Nevertheless, cattle manure occupies an irreplaceable position in compost production with other organic wastes [10]. CM-based vermicomposting enhances growth and reproduction of earthworms and microbials leading to bio-stabilized nutrient rich vermifertilizer [13,14,19].…”

Limiting grazing periods combined with proper housing can reduce nutrient losses from dairy systems

“…In addition to measured observations of N or P loss, we accepted modelled estimates of N and P loss (kg ha −1 yr −1 ) from the following models that had been calibrated and verified for dairy farm systems: Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) 63 , Agricultural Policy Extender (APEX) 64 , Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) 65 , Dairy Forage System Model (DAFOSYM) 66 , DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) 67,68 , Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS) 69 , Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) 37 , Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) 70 and OVERSEER 71 . We also calculated N and P losses, standardized to 4% fat and 3.4% protein as grams of N or P lost per kilogram of FPCM as per the International Dairy Federation 72 .…”

Evaluation N2O Emissions from Intensive Manure Managements in a Dairy Area

“…Others were FKSSL which involved the winter fertilization of G/ M1, G/M3, G/M4, R1, R4. The information about soil and management could be found in Deng [15]. Due to there is no control(no fertilizer) treatment, the literature review has been done to survey N 2 O emission on Andosol from no fertilizer plots across Japan.…”