Evaluation of Nannochloropsis gaditana raw and hydrolysed biomass at low inclusion level as dietary functional additive for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

Isabel, Sáez María; Galafat, Alba; Vizcaíno, Antonio Jesús; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Ayala, María Dolores; Arizcún, Marta; Alarcón, Francisco Javier; Suárez, Marı́a Dolores; Martı́nez, T.F.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738288

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, in the present study, proximate composition of seabass was not modified by the dietary treatments. Similar results were obtained with the inclusion of 5% N. gaditana in juvenile turbot [44], Senegalese sole [45], and seabream [15,23], as well as with the inclusion of 1,000 and 2,000 FTU in turbot [46] and seabass [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…That way the slight changes observed in the content of certain fatty acid, 18 : 1n9, 18 : 2n6, and 20 : 5n3, cannot be attributed to the phytase or microalgae supplementation. Several authors have reported that lipid peroxidation affects long-chain PUFAs [23,51,52]; however, in the present study, the different dietary treatments had not effect on this parameter, since low levels of lipid oxidation were measured in fish muscle (0.7 mg MDA/kg) in all the experimental groups, values that were within the range of perfect quality fish for human consumption [53]. In addition, skin coloration plays an important role in consumer acceptance of farmed fish, with intense skin coloration usually associated with high-quality products [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four experimental diets (designated as 500F, 1,000F, 2,000F, and 10,000F diets) contained different levels of phytase supplementation (500, 1,000, 2,000, and 10,000 phytase units, FTU, respectively, per kg), according to previous studies [25], and 2.5% of a blend of A. platensis and N. gaditana (1 : 1). The level of dietary microalgae was based on previous studies carried out with these algal strains in other fish species [23,24]. The phytase activity (FTU) is defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 1 μmol of 11 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Wheat meal 12 34.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 Choline chloride 13 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Betaine 14 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Vitamin and mineral premix 15 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Vitamin C 16 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Lysine 17 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Methionine 18 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Tryptophan 18 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Guar gum 19 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Phytase (mL/kg) 20 - 1 In total, 69.4% crude protein, 12.3% crude lipid (Norsildemel, Bergen, Norway).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21]. Namely, Arthrospira platensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana show low phytic acid content and stand out as functional ingredients for enhancing the digestive functionality in fish [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Phytase and Microalgae Supplementation on the Utilization of Aquafeeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Formulated with a High Inclusion Level of Plant Protein

Flores-Moreno,

Vizcaíno,

Sáez

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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Numerous studies have reported the disadvantages of using plant protein in aquafeeds owing to the presence of antinutritional factors. Particularly, phytate can be overcome by dietary supplementation with exogenous phytase. On the other hand, the use of microalgae has been proven to be a valuable strategy for enhancing the digestive functionality in fish fed diets with high plant protein content. It was hypothesized that the simultaneous inclusion of phytase with microalgae can be useful to improve growth performance and digestive functionality in fish fed diets with high content of plant protein. In this study, the effects of feeds supplemented with different levels of exogenous phytase (FTU) and 2.5% of a blend of Arthrospira platensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana were evaluated on growth performance, metabolism, and gut functionality in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Fish were fed ad libitum for 83 days with five diets containing different enzyme ratios (FTU), in triplicate: (i) control (0 FTU); (ii) 500 FTU; (iii) 1,000 FTU; (iv) 2,000 FTU; and (v) 10,000 FTU. At the end of the feeding period, zootechnical indexes were estimated, and biological samples were withdrawn for physiological determinations. The results obtained showed an overall improvement in the productive efficiency, general metabolism, and intestinal functionality in fish fed the highest phytase inclusion (2,000 and 10,000 FTU). Final weight (75.51 ± 1.01 g vs. 66.76 ± 1.26 g, p=0.005), SGR (1.15 ± 0.02 vs. 1.00 ± 0.02, p=0.006). and feed efficiency (0.80 ± 0.02% day−1 vs. 0.67 ± 0.01% day−1, p=0.012) were higher in fish fed 10,000 FTU. The chemical composition of muscle and plasma metabolites did not vary among dietary treatments, except for the high glucose and low glycogen content in the liver with 2,000 FTU group. Focusing on gut functionality, enzyme activities tended to be higher in fish fed diets supplemented with phytase and microalgae, and significant differences were found for trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alkaline phosphatase with 1,000, 2,000, and 10,000 FTU, and leucine aminopeptidase with 2,000 and 10,000 FTU (p<0.0001). Analysis of intestinal morphology revealed that 2,000 and 10,000 FTU combined with microalgae increased villi height and decreased villi diameter and enterocyte height. The presence of microalgae at low phytase supplementation level seems to lack of influence on the different parameters evaluated whereas only increased dietary phytase levels impacted on growth, nutrient utilization, and intestinal functionality. In addition, faecal samples were obtained by stripping the final portion of the intestines, from which the phosphorus and nitrogen were quantified. Apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus with 2,000 FTU and 10,000 FTU were higher, 74.3% and 77.8%, respectively, compared to control (52.4%). The results revealed a decrease in the amount of P shed with the excreta from the animals supplemented with phytase, a fact that evidenced an increased intestinal absorption of this element. Overall, the results obtained pointed out that phytase can be used at 10,000, and even 2,000, FTU in combination with microalgae as an approach to reducing feed costs and boost fish growth and digestive functionality of fish, while minimizing the environmental impacts of juvenile European seabass farms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Phytase and Microalgae Supplementation on the Utilization of Aquafeeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Formulated with a High Inclusion Level of Plant Protein

Flores-Moreno,

Vizcaíno,

Sáez

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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“…The presence of anti-nutritive compounds in some algae species also needs to be taken into account when using them as feed additives [ 109 ]. Despite these disadvantages, the benefits in terms of the growth, welfare, and immune activity of several species of marine fish fed with aquafeed containing different amounts of microalgae have been described [ 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ]. Other studies have tested the antimicrobial activity of several algae extracts [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Algae As a Vehicle For Treating Fish With Antimicrobial Pept...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides from Photosynthetic Marine Organisms with Potential Application in Aquaculture

2023

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Aquaculture production is at a record level and is estimated to increase in the coming years. However, this production can be negatively affected by infectious diseases produced by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, causing fish mortality and economic losses. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides that may be promising candidates to replace antibiotics because they are the first line of defense in animals against a wide variety of pathogens and have no negative effects; they also show additional activities such as antioxidant or immunoregulatory functions, which makes them powerful alternatives for use in aquaculture. Moreover, AMPs are highly available in natural sources and have already been used in the livestock farming and food industries. Photosynthetic marine organisms can survive under all kinds of environmental conditions and under extremely competitive environments thanks to their flexible metabolism. For this reason, these organisms represent a powerful source of bioactive molecules as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, including AMPs. Therefore, in this study we reviewed the present knowledge about AMPs from photosynthetic marine organism sources and analyzed whether they could be suitable for use in aquaculture.

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Feed Additives in Aquaculture

Hernández-Contreras,

Teles,

Salas-Leiva

et al. 2023

Sustainable Use of Feed Additives in Livestock

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Evaluation of Nannochloropsis gaditana raw and hydrolysed biomass at low inclusion level as dietary functional additive for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of Phytase and Microalgae Supplementation on the Utilization of Aquafeeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Formulated with a High Inclusion Level of Plant Protein

Effects of Phytase and Microalgae Supplementation on the Utilization of Aquafeeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Formulated with a High Inclusion Level of Plant Protein

Antimicrobial Peptides from Photosynthetic Marine Organisms with Potential Application in Aquaculture

Feed Additives in Aquaculture

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