“…This means NPs is double-edged sword ( Srivastav et al, 2018 , Zhang et al, 2019 , Romeh and Saber, 2020 , Gong et al, 2021 , Ganie et al, 2021 ). Common case studies are published about removing many heavy metals using NPs from contaminated media (i.e., water, soil and sediments) such as arsenic ( Alka et al, 2021 , Maity et al, 2021 ), cadmium ( Gong et al, 2021 ), chromium ( Azeez et al, 2021 ), copper ( Yin et al, 2020 ), lead ( Lian et al, 2021 ), mercury ( Kumari et al, 2020 ), and zinc ( Fajardo et al, 2020 ).…”