Evaluation of natural porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subclinical infection and seroconversion dynamics in piglets vaccinated at different ages

Oliver-Ferrando, Salvador; Segalés, Joaquím; López-Soria, Sergio; Callén, Antonio; Merdy, Olivier; Joisel, F.; Sibila, Marina

doi:10.1186/s13567-016-0405-2

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The study was performed on serum, feces, and oral fluid samples from 22 farms where PCV2 vaccination programs are in place and from 4 farms that do not vaccinate. In general, our findings support earlier observations that vaccination against PCV2 can significantly limit viremia and viral shedding in feces [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]26,38] as well as viral presence in oral fluids [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Similar differences were evident for fecal and oral fluid samples (Table S2, Figure 1). The majority of VAC2 farms apply PCV2 vaccination in sows and 6-week-old pigs, which has been suggested as being the most effective protocol [34,44]. In addition, in the VAC2 group, in Farms Q, T, and Y, no PCV2 viremia or shedding with feces was detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to precisely determine the genotype of the detected PCV2 and to evaluate the genetic diversity of current Polish strains, DNA from the samples with the highest PCV2 loads (>6.0 log 10 copies/mL) were subjected to PCR amplification of the ORF2 fragment (corresponding to ORF2 nucleotides 18-666) and the sequencing of the amplicons (Table S1) [34]. The sequences were aligned using a MUSCLE algorithm, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed with Geneious Tree Builder using the Geneious 10.2.6 program (Biomatters Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand).…”

Section: Dna Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time PCR Detection Patterns of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in Polish Farms with Different Statuses of Vaccination against PCV2

Woźniak

Miłek

Matyba

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a globally spread pathogen controlled with generally highly efficacious vaccination protocols. In order to compare PCV2 detection profiles in farms with different vaccination statuses, serum (359) and fecal pools (351) and oral fluids (209) from four farms that do not vaccinate against PCV2 (NON-VAC) and from 22 farms that do vaccinate (VAC) were tested with quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, nucleotide sequences of ORF2 of the virus were obtained from selected samples. Three genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d, were detected. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in PCV2 prevalence and quantities between the VAC and NON-VAC farms were evident. In five VAC farms, no viremia or shedding in feces was detected. On the other hand, in four VAC farms, the results were very similar to those from NON-VAC farms. No significant difference in PCV2 prevalence in oral fluids was observed between VAC and NON-VAC farms. An examination of viremia can be recommended for the detection of vaccination efficacy issues. The median of the PCV2 viral loads >6.0 log10 copies/mL in pooled sera from the vaccinated population should be considered a very strong indication that the vaccination protocol needs revision.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dna Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time PCR Detection Patterns of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in Polish Farms with Different Statuses of Vaccination against PCV2

Woźniak

Miłek

Matyba

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…In our study, a significant difference was found between the groups, and group P revealed a significantly lower percentage compared to group S. This difference could be due to higher levels of IgG antibodies in group P compared to other groups and thus better protection against SD-PCV2. Another probable reason for the difference in the quality of semen between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals is that some of the unvaccinated piglets suffered from a subclinical form of the disease (Kumman et al 2011;Oliver-Ferrando et al 2016) which increases susceptibility to other infections (Opriessnig and Halbur 2012;P a r k et al 2014). Potential infection of the unvaccinated groups from another pathogen [e.g.…”

Section: Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination of male piglets on sperm quality at the age of puberty

et al. 2019

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The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination in piglets on sperm quality of young boars. A total of 136 sows were divided in four groups of 34 animals each (17 vaccinated with Circovac®, Merial and 17 unvaccinated in each group). A total of 1 200 piglets were selected, half of which were vaccinated against PCV2 on the 21st day (Porcilis® PCV, MSD) and the other half was left unvaccinated. Four groups of 300 pigs each were formed as follows: PS group (vaccinated sows + piglets), S group (vaccinated sows + unvaccinated piglets), P group (unvaccinated sows + vaccinated piglets), C group (unvaccinated sows + piglets). Furthermore, 80 boars (20 piglets per group) were selected and slaughtered at the age of 5.5 months and weight of 95 ± 5.5 kg and their epididymal sperm was collected and evaluated for motility and kinetics, concentration and morphology. Additionally, 10 pigs from each group were used for blood sampling and serological testing for PCV2 IgM and IgG antibodies at the age of 21, 70, 110 and 150 days. The IgG and IgM patterns suggested that the piglets were coming into contact with PCV2 early in life. The S group demonstrated significantly lower curvilinear velocity (VCL, μm/s), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm) and significantly higher head abnormalities (%) compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, vaccinated young boars showed some improved epididymal sperm kinetic indices and head morphology.

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“…Цирковірусна хвороба ІІ типу -інфекційне захворювання, що набуло глобального значення серед популяції свиней та має значний економічний вплив на галузь свинарства (Chianini et al, 2003;Opriessnig et al, 2007;Alarcоn et al, 2013;Oliver-Ferrando et al, 2016).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Structural-functional characteristics of thymus in piglets with signs of latent and subclinic PCV2-infection

Evert

2018

SMLNUVMB

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Circovirus type II disease is an infectious disease with significant economic impacts on the pig industry, which has become global in the pig population (PCVD). The most common form of PCV2-infection has long been considered a PCV2-systemic disease, but recently latent and subclinical forms of PCV2-infection have become of particular importance. The main “target” for PCV-2 is the immune system, and the multiplication of PCV-2 in the cells of the immune system leads to their death and development of immunodeficiency state. The immune system, together with the nervous and endocrine systems, plays an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis and ensures its adaptation to the effects of unfavorable environmental factors. The organs of the immune system of pigs include bone organs, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, as well as diffuse and aggregated lymphatic formations of the walls of the digestive canal and respiratory tract. Thymus is the central organ of lymphocytopoiesis and imunopoiesis, in it occurs differentiation of all cellular forms of mature T-lymphocytes in the pre-T-lymphocyte stage, which migrate from the bone marrow to the bloodstream. The growth and development of the thymus, as well as the bone organs, is in direct interaction with the growth and development of the spleen, lymph nodes and is reflected in the structure of the interstitial connective tissue and lymphoid parenchyma, and the question of the structural and functional characteristics of the thymus piglets with signs of latent and subclinical PCV-2 infection in accessible the scientific literature is not sufficiently elucidated and requires a detailed study. Purpose: determination of the structural and functional characteristics of the thymus of piglets with signs of latent and subclinical PCV-2-infection. The work was carried out in pig farms of Ukraine, with intensive technology of pig rearing, at the department of normal and pathological anatomy of agricultural animals and the Scientific and Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of the Agroindustrial Complex Resources of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. To determine the structural and functional characteristics of the thymus of piglets at different forms of the of PCV-2-infection, monitoring studies of blood sera were carried out by quantitative PCR-analysis. A total of 275 samples of blood serum from piglets of 5–16 weeks of age were investigated. For pathomorphological studies with the method of acute bleeding, animals with signs of latent PCV2-infection (in 1 cm3 of blood serum of 103–104 copies of the genome of PCV-2 equivalents) were slaughtered and animals with signs of subclinical PCV2 infection (in 1 cm3 of blood serum 105–106 copies of the gene equivalents of PCV-2) 6 heads. By anatomical preparation, the thymus was removed, fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin, poured into paraffin, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and azur II eosin according to generally accepted techniques. In the paraffin sections, the presence of PCV-2 antigen (immunohistochemical staining) was also determined. In the lymphoid parenchyma of the thymus, the percentage ratio between individual cells (large, medium, small lymphocytes, plasmocytes and reticular cells), macrophages and other cells was determined. Cell counting of parenchyma was performed on dasgs stained with azur II eosin at an increase of 10 x 100 under the immersion for every 100 cells on ten preparations in 20 fields of vision for each individual group of animals. Based on the data obtained, the average percent content of each cell type was determined. The author, on the basis of pathohistological and immunohistochemical studies, determined the structural and functional characteristics of the thymus of piglets with signs of latent and subclinical PCV2-infection. It has been established that in piglets with signs of subclinical and latent PCV2-infection, pathogistological changes of the thymus do not differ significantly from the corresponding thymus parameters of clinically healthy animals free from PCV-2. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the number of lymphoid cells, mainly immunoblasts and lymphocytes, and, accordingly, the area of the particle cortex, which is more pronounced in thymus of pigs with signs of subclinical PCV2-infection.

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Evaluation of natural porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subclinical infection and seroconversion dynamics in piglets vaccinated at different ages

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Real-Time PCR Detection Patterns of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in Polish Farms with Different Statuses of Vaccination against PCV2

Real-Time PCR Detection Patterns of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in Polish Farms with Different Statuses of Vaccination against PCV2

The effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination of male piglets on sperm quality at the age of puberty

Structural-functional characteristics of thymus in piglets with signs of latent and subclinic PCV2-infection

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