Evaluation of Neonicotinoid Residues in Hive Products from Selected Counties in Kenya

Mulati, Protus Wanjala; Kitur, Esther; Taracha, C.; Kurgat, Justus; Raina, Satish; Irungu, Janet

doi:10.4172/2161-0525.1000577

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The absence of soil-borne onion insect pests in Oloitokitok could be largely attributed to the high frequency of pesticide application observed during the study, whereby most farmers applied pesticides weekly and in excess doses. The high frequency of application in excessive dosage has been previously reported 87 , 88 and could be due to the ease of access to chemical pesticides at a low cost from neighbouring Tanzania. It was noted that some of the commonly used pesticides, such as pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and beta-cyfluthrin) and neonicotinoids (imidacloprid), are moderately hazardous to human health and the environment, according to the WHO classification (WHO II) (Table 4 ) 89 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Occurrence and management of two emerging soil-dwelling pests ravaging cabbage and onions in Kenya

Ouma,

Muthomi,

Kimenju

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Cabbage and Onion production in sub-Saharan Africa face numerous pest constraints that needs to be overcome to feed the rapidly growing population. This study aimed to establish the occurrence, incidence, and severity of soil-dwelling pests of cabbage and onions, and current management practices in five Counties of Kenya. Our findings revealed that most farmers grew hybrid vegetables on a small scale, which were highly dominated by various pest species (Delia platura, Maladera sp., and Agriotes sp. for cabbage and Atherigona orientalis and Urophorus humeralis for onion. The occurrence, incidence and severity of the various pest species on both crops varied considerably. Over 95% of the farmers relied on synthetic insecticides, which were applied weekly or bimonthly with limited success. Our findings demonstrate that invasive and polyphagous A. orientalis and D. platura were the most devastating pests of onion and cabbage without effective control options. Therefore, effective, sustainable, and affordable management strategies are required to control the spread of these pests to other crops in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Occurrence and management of two emerging soil-dwelling pests ravaging cabbage and onions in Kenya

Ouma,

Muthomi,

Kimenju

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Reports indicate that pesticide usage among farmers in the Amhara and SNNP regions is common due to the heavy production of cereal, vegetable, and fruit crops [45][46][47]. In fact, the use of pesticides known to harm beneficial insects, including honey bees, has been documented not only in Ethiopia [45,[48][49][50], but also in Kenya [51][52][53] and other parts of Africa [55]. These pesticides include organochlorines (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed honey bee colony losses and causes during the active beekeeping season 2022/2023 in nine Sub-Saharan African countries

Nganso,

Ayalew,

Wubie

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study reports for the first-time managed honey bee colony loss rates and associated risk factors during the active beekeeping season 2022/2023 in nine Sub-Saharan African countries, namely Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Benin, Liberia, Nigeria, Cameroon and Democratic Republic of the Congo. The sustainability of bee swarm catches as a main honey bee colony source tool for operation expansion by African beekeepers was also evaluated in Kenya and Ethiopia. In this survey, the 1,786 interviewed beekeepers across these countries collectively managing 41,761 colonies registered an overall loss rate of 21.3%, which varied significantly among countries (from 9.7 to 45.3%) and hive types (from 10.6% in hives with movable frames to 17.9% in frameless hives). The perceived causes of losses in order of significance were issues beyond the beekeeper control (mainly theft, drought, and bushfire), absconding and pests (mainly wax moth, small and large hive beetles, ants and Varroa destructor mite), but this pattern varied greatly across countries. Among the management practices and characteristics, migratory operations and professional beekeepers experienced lower losses than stationary operations and semi-professionals and hobby beekeepers. Insights into the number of bee swarms caught revealed significant decreases in swarm availability over the past three years in Kenya. The opposite situation was observed in some regions of Ethiopia. These trends require further investigation. Overall, this comprehensive survey sheds light on the complexities and challenges beekeepers faced in Sub-Saharan Africa, pointing to the need for targeted interventions and sustained research to support the resilience and growth of the apicultural sector.

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“…Likewise, [39] revealed that increased pesticide use, handling, and management of pesticides are associated with environmental and health risks in Ethiopia. In terms of their categories, [18] show pesticides can be classified into 7 classes: carbamates, organophosphates, herbicides, acaricides, neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and fungicides.…”

Section: Types Of Pesticides and Its Usage Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a sample size of honey collected from a long distance from the highway showed a very low content of iron, zinc, magnesium, copper, nickel, lead, cadmium, and cobalt [15]. In the same way [18] postulated that low concentrations of substances in the soil are dangerous for humans when moving along food chains, from plants to bees and then through honey products to consumers. Plants accumulate heavy metals through the air, and sometimes contamination is very low or sometimes higher.…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Physical-chemical Parameters in Bee Products: A Preliminary Investigation from Africa’s Most Renewed Bee Village in Tanzania

Kachinde

Fweja

Mihale

2022

EJNFS

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Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the determination of physical-chemical parameters in bee products: a preliminary investigation from Africa’s most renewed bee village in Tanzania; specifically, the study presents preliminary findings of an inquiry that examined pesticide contamination in bee products from Kijiji cha Nyuki located in Tanzania. The study measured the levels of physical-chemical parameters in honey products harvested from the selected bee apiaries. Material and Methods: A mixed methods approach was adopted for this study and collected data both primary and secondary data were collected using physical observation and survey, interviews, and questionnaires, purposive and random sampling techniques were used in this study to select a total of 104 participants who was taken as a sample from universal populations. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Computer Programme version 25, where the statistics aspect was determined from the results obtained from both questionnaires and laboratory experiments. A preliminary investigation from Africa’s most renewed bee village in Tanzania; Collected samples were analyzed at TBS & SGS laboratories. Results: The results show all studied areas met honey quality assurance guidelines stipulated by the ministry of natural resources and tourism suggesting moisture content in honey should not exceed 21%. pH test showed honey sample from Egypt apiaries had higher pH of 4.3 and honey from Kijiji cha Nyuki had a low pH of 3.54 implying honey from the studied areas falls within the pH applicable range. Test of Hydroxylmethly furfural mg/kg discovered an average of 13.65 mg/kg in honey samples from 4 studied areas out of the 5, with 107.13 mg/kg of HMF in honey samples from Egypt. Suggesting that honey samples from the 4 study areas with exception of samples from Egypt met the TZS 851:2006 standards and national’s guidelines of 40mg/kg Hydroxylmethly furfural. Finally, the Test of total reducing sugar as inverted sugar % m/m, from five samples as per Tanzania Bureau of Statistics (TBS) laboratory results found a maximum of 68.91 % m/m and 64.4 % m/m minimum. The amount of physical-mechanical contaminations that were identified in honey from 4 areas with the exemption of samples from Egypt apiaries poses no risk to consumers. Contribution to Policy Implication: This study recommends interventions among farmers and beekeepers on the safe use of pesticides, good hygienic handling, and the storage practices. It has contributed to the understanding of how the regulations outlining the use of insecticides is being implemented, and the current economic condition of studied farms. This calls on policymakers to rethink ways of engaging the beekeepers, and to have an ongoing discussion with beekeepers and concerned stakeholders about a model that could be used to enhance pesticides regulation in Tanzania.

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Evaluation of Neonicotinoid Residues in Hive Products from Selected Counties in Kenya

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence and management of two emerging soil-dwelling pests ravaging cabbage and onions in Kenya

Occurrence and management of two emerging soil-dwelling pests ravaging cabbage and onions in Kenya

Managed honey bee colony losses and causes during the active beekeeping season 2022/2023 in nine Sub-Saharan African countries

Determination of Physical-chemical Parameters in Bee Products: A Preliminary Investigation from Africa’s Most Renewed Bee Village in Tanzania

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