Evaluation of Non-photorealistic 3D Urban Models for Mobile Device Navigation

Abstract

This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract. This research presents a user evaluation study examining the effect different rendering styles of 3D virtual city models, as intended for navigational purposes, could potentially have on users with emphasis on non-photorealistically rendered (NPR) stylizations. The purpose of this experiment is to establish whether, particularly for the application area mentioned above, non-photorealistic, expressive rendering could provide alternative, more effective visual styles than the photorealistic representations of urban areas usually opted for by developers today. 50 participants were exposed to a predominably questionnaire-based study assessing various parameters by observation of the models on a UMPC (Ultra Mobile PC). The results of this research could potentially have significant implications on how future pedestrian navigational software should be visualised in the future. Permanent repository link

Architectural and Urban Spatial Digital Simulations

“…1. Automatic modelling (Figure 12): 3D simulation of architectural/urban models and automatic digital design and simulation via VHF wireless devices [90], automation of modelling based on spatial photographs, aerial photographs, and georeferenced images [5], either through accurate photogrammetric methods [97] or with special applications based on algorithms that generate photorealistic images [98].…”

“…Fig. 12 Examples of automatic modelling: a) Automated remote modelling process [96]; b) Photo-based, "virtual city maker" [98]; c) Photo-based capture [99]; d) Based on photos [100] 2. Mobile simulation: export of 3D interactive architectural/urban environment to mobile devices (mobile phones, tablets, watches, GPS, etc.)…”

“…Fig 13. Examples of mobile simulation: a) Augmented Reality[101]; b) Virtual Reality[102], c), d) Design of an original mobile virtual navigation interface[98] …”

User Evaluation of Interactive Thematic 3d City Models – Application of Asynchronous Remote Testing Method

“…Popelka and Doležalová (2016) also examined nonphotorealistic visualization of cities, specifically dealing with static perspective bird-eye views and their comparison with 2D maps using eye tracking. Recommendations regarding photorealistic visualization are formulated by Gatzidis et al (2009). They identified that non-photorealistic shading and especially expressive rendering could provide more effective visual styles than photorealistic representations of built-up areas.…”