Evaluation of Non-Structural Protein-1(NS1) positive patients of 2013 dengue outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Lutfullah, Ghosia; Ahmed, Jawad; Khan, Aftab; Ihsan, Hina; Ahmad, Jamshed

doi:10.12669/pjms.331.11237

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the past decades, dengue fever was a neglected vector-borne tropical disease, with few of control efforts to reduce the burden of the disease at national or international levels [1]. With more outbreaks occurred every year around the world [48–56], people are being faced with the problem of difficulty in blocking the growing trend of dengue transmission [1]. Currently, it has been a consensus that vector control is a key component in the dengue control programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirus effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus

Yin

Liu

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundDengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease over the past 50 years, with a 30-fold increase in global incidence. Dengue vector control is a key component for the dengue control strategy, since no absolutely effective vaccine or drug is available yet. However, the rapid rise and spread of mosquito insecticide resistance have become major threats to the efficiency of insecticide-based vector control activities. Thus, innovative vector control tools are badly needed. This study aims to confirm the antivirus effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), then to explore its potential use in the combating to the dengue epidemics.MethodsAedes albopictus were first infected with DENV-2 in human whole blood, and at the fourth day after infectious blood feeding, they were divided into eight groups. Seven of them were held for six days with access to 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 ng/ml ivermectin, respectively, and the last one was set as a historical control group, which was stored at -80°C until being detected at the same time with the other groups. Each mosquito was detected using real-time fluorescent RT-PCR kit. DENV-2 RNA concentration (copies/ml) and infection rate in each group were compared.ResultsBoth of quantitatively and qualitatively inhibiting effects of ivermectin have been detected in this study. Generally, DENV-2 replicated well in Aedes albopictus without ivermectin intervention, whose virus loads exhibited significantly higher when the mosquitoes were holding from 4 days to 10 days after infectious blood feeding. In contrast, with the treatment of ivermectin, the infection rate was reduced by as much as 49.63%. The regression equation between infection rates (Y2) and ivermectin concentration log2 values (X2) was obtained as Y2 = 91.41–7.21*X2 with R2 = 0.89.ConclusionIvermectin can directly or indirectly inhibit DENV-2 multiplication in Aedes albopictus. Moreover, the actual concentration for application in zooprophylaxis needs to be confirmed in the further field trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirus effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus

Yin

Liu

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…They recorded 24% of their NSI protein positive cases that were consequently negative for both IgM and IgG on ELISAs that elaborates that NS1protein positivity alone does not confirm dengue infection. 10 The antigen non-structural protein-1 is immunogenic and is related to dengue viremia but should not be all alone contributed to the disease status. Assays including immunochromatographic tests (ICT) for DV and enzymatic immunoassays (ELISA) that detect NS1 in plasma, serum, and whole blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Fever

Khan

Bari

2018

TPMJ

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To determine the frequency and characteristics of dengue patients. Study Design: Cross sectional observational study. Setting: Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera. Period: 5 th July to 25 th Sept 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 72 cases were received for dengue serology. Relevant information's were collected on a predesigned questionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 117 patients were referred from fever clinic and emergency OPD for dengue serology. 72(61.5%) were males and 45(38.5%) were females. 24(20.5%) cases were dengue positive. 14(12%) were NSL1 positive, 8(8.8%) were IgM positive and 2 (1.7%) were IgM&IgG positive. We received patient in the range of 4 years to 60 years, Mean with SD was 27 +3 years. Out of 14 NSL1 positive cases 8 were males and 6 females. 2 females were IgG positive. The spectrum of dengue in correlation with gender was significantly positive with p value .026. In two cases platelet at first visit were 58000/cmm 3 that were both IgM&IgG positive. Out of 24 positive dengue cases two cases were also positive for plasmodium vivax (ring tropozoites). 6 cases were managed in hospital and discharged home with an average stay of 3 days and 4 cases referred to Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar for repeated platelet transfusion. Mortality was zero in our cases. Conclusion: The suspicion rate of the clinician for dengue from fever clinic was 1:7. The cause of poor rate can be contributed to the patient insist for doing the dengue test before they are screened for MP and FBC etc. NSL1 was positive in 6 cases that shows that people reach the health care facility for screening well in time and patient are educated about the dengue. Females 50% positive cases were IGM and IGG positive that shows female receive the health care later than males as NSL1 positivity in female gender is less than males. The spectrum of dengue in correlation with gender was significantly positive with p value .025 that shows mosquito has some affinity for specific gender, or dengue virus has it for difference in gender or the inside immunity of the both gender is involved that causes different mode of presentation and activation of antibodies.

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“…The minimum number of cases (N=38) were reported from KP (Usman et al, 2011) while the maximum number of cases (N=3342) were reported from Sindh during decade I (Khan et al, 2007(Khan et al, , 2008Hasan et al, 2013, Ahmed et al, 2008Riaz et al, 2009;Shamim, 2010;Wasay et al, 2008a, b;Khalil et al, 2014;Baqi et al, 2010;Ali et al, 2011;Jahan et al, 2011). Of all the cases from KP, high number of cases (N=22740) were reported from district Swat during 2013 which are 48.6% of the total dengue cases reported from the province (Ali et al, 2016;Khan and Khan, 2015;Chaudhry et al, 2017;Lutfullah et al, 2017;Suleman et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2017a;Khan, 2018;Khan and Bari, 2018). Similarly, 58.5% (4475/7649) of the total cases reported from Punjab were from the capital city Lahore only during 2011 (Iqtadar et al, 2017b;Khan et al, 2013a, b;Ahmed et al, 2013;Rashid et al, 2012;Mahmood et al, 2013;Saqib et al, 2014a, b;Asghar and Farooq, 2011;Idrees et al, 2012;Raza et al, 2017;Naeem et al, 2018;Assir et al, 2014a, b;Sheikh et al, 2012;Chaudhry et al, 2018).…”

Section: Province-wise Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden and distribution of dengue infection in Pakistan (2000-19): a review

et al. 2024

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The goal of this study is to review the overall prevalence, burden, and distribution of the dengue disease in Pakistan from 2000 to 2019. Literature was searched using different search engines like Google scholar, PubMed, etc. providing the keywords “Dengue disease/infection, Dengue virus, DENV, DF/DHF/ DSS Pakistan”. All the published research papers/reports on the dengue virus over the period 2000 to 2019 were studied and selected data were summarized using MS Excel for windows such as total cases, age wise, gender, DENV serotype distribution, total DHF, and DSS patients. The literature providing insufficient data was excluded. The total number of cases reported during 2000-19 were 201,269. The maximum number of cases during the mentioned literature survey period was reported in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (23.3%) followed by Punjab (3.8%) and Sindh (1.9%). The majority of dengue-infected cases were reported as Dengue fever (74.4%) followed by DHF (24.1%) and DSS (1.5%). Overall the deaths during the mentioned literature survey were 1082, of which the maximum mortalities were reported from KP (N=248) followed by Punjab (N=220). DENV remains a major public health problem in Pakistan and seems to remain endemic for a long time. The total prevalence of dengue infection is increased accordingly with time from 2000 to 2019. Moreover, all the four serotypes exist in Pakistan with increased mortalities.

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Evaluation of Non-Structural Protein-1(NS1) positive patients of 2013 dengue outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Antivirus effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus

Antivirus effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus

Dengue Fever

Burden and distribution of dengue infection in Pakistan (2000-19): a review

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