Evaluation of obesity and its risk factors among rural adults in Tamil Nadu, India

Karthik, R C; Gopalakrishnan, S

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183107

Int J Community Med Public Health

2018

DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183107

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Evaluation of obesity and its risk factors among rural adults in Tamil Nadu, India

R C Karthik¹,

S Gopalakrishnan²

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a largely emerging multi-factorial non-communicable disease, which is caused due to accumulation of fat cells either by an increase in the size or number. World over, obesity has been proven to be the leading cause for several non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of obesity in a rural population of Tamil Nadu.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 600 adults residing in Sripu… Show more

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Perception, risk factors, and health behaviours in adult obesity in Kolkata, India: a mixed methods approach

Barua

Saikia

2022

BMC Public Health

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Background World Health Organisation has described obesity as one of the most neglected public health issues. Initially, obesity was only a problem in high-income countries; however, at present, it is rising in middle and low-income countries as well, rapidly in India, especially in the urban areas. In the light of the increasing prevalence of obesity in India, it was worthwhile to study perception, risk factors and health behaviours in adult obesity holistically. Methods This study resorted to a concurrent mixed methods approach, collecting and combining quantitative survey (n = 120) and qualitative interview data (n = 18). Female and male aged 25–54 years with a waist circumference of 80 cm and 90 cm or higher, respectively, and a BMI of 25 or higher were selected from Kolkata, India. Kolkata was chosen as the study area since it ranked 7th out of 640 districts, the highest among the five major urban cities in India, with around 41% of the female and 43% of the male population aged 15–49 years with a BMI of 25 or higher. Results Participants confirmed that lifestyle was one of the main reasons for obesity. They believed that family history, social relations, behavioural factors, urbanisation, and time-poor were significant risk factors of obesity. Interview participants expanded that technology, lack of health education and self-care, and digital marketing of food influenced the risk of obesity. Participants confirmed that they wanted to lose weight to feel healthier. Most respondents claimed that they engaged in lightly to moderate-intensity physical activity. However, a discrepancy in opinion was observed between survey responses and interview participants’ views on dietary behaviours. Participants confirmed that they rarely consulted health professionals and that the family had a minimal role in preventing obesity. Interview participants expanded that people should make better lifestyle choices at an individual level to prevent obesity. Conclusions Health education is fundamental. Making better lifestyle choices is crucial, which would help increase the lifespan and health span and decrease the risk of diseases. In addition, social support and better policies are required to prevent the disease and any related complications.

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Perception, risk factors, and health behaviours in adult obesity in Kolkata, India: a mixed methods approach

Barua

Saikia

2022

BMC Public Health

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Influence of Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Criteria

Challagundla

Kowsalya

2021

IJND

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In Urban India especially among the young and middle aged adults the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is increasing day by day. Lifestyle influences the individual parameters of MetS. The MetS criteria are adversely affecting the health and performance of an individual. During this Covid-19 pandemic situation, the lifestyle of individuals altered to a great extent and equally influenced MetS. To study the influence of lifestyle factors on MetS criteria, a prospective observational study was performed in the Clinical Nutrition department. A total of 465 subjects were screened initially. Both males and females with age 25-54 years were included in the study. Subjects who recovered from Covid-19, pregnant and lactating women were excluded. Using a questionnaire the subjects' previous and current data of anthropometric measures of Waist Circumference (WC), weight and height were noted. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed. Serum values of Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycosylated Haemoglobin were noted along with the Blood Pressure (BP) measurement. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and three days diet recall was written down. The daily calorie uptake was calculated. Their habits pertaining to smoke, alcohol and Physical Activity (PA) patterns were gathered. The NCEP-ATP-III criteria were used to categorize under MetS. The obtained data in the study was analysed by SPSS 20. Females-100 and Males-182 were included in the study and assessed further. The percentage of overweight individuals did not increase significantly. But there was a significant increase by about 10% in obesity. 3% of non-diabetics became diabetic. The FBS were higher at 75% subjects compared to 62% earlier. High-Triglycerides (TG) was observed in 75% individuals compared to 66% subjects earlier. There was no significant increase in individuals with low HDL and high BP. Lack of PA was seen in 63% subjects compared to 42% earlier. Also it is observed that the intensity and consistency of PA activity dropped. Calories consumption per day >2000 kcal was observed in 68% subjects compared to 47% earlier. Alcohol habit was observed in 52%. Smoking habit was observed in 43% individuals. Though there was no significant increase in smoking or alcohol consuming individuals, the frequency and quantity of consumption of smoke and alcohol increased significantly. Three criteria of MetS were observed in 46% subjects when compared to 33% previously. The altered lipid values and high BMI had a significant correlation with lack of PA and high calorie diet consumed. High WC and high BMI had a significant correlation. Elevated TG had significant correlation with alcohol consumption. Moderate correlation was observed between the factors of increased calorie consumption and raised blood sugars/ high WC. The people who had lack of PA, high intake of calories on a day to day basis and alcohol consumption had MetS significantly. From the present study it was found that MetS is at the raise in the current pandemic situation. Identifying lifestyle and interventions necessary in means of education to correct lifestyle of the young adults emphasizing to choose healthy food ingredients, cooking methods and alternative PA is very important to raise MetS in the community.

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Therapeutic Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Adolescents with Obesity and Its Association with Expression of miRNAs and Cytokines: A Clinical Approach

Hillari Raj,

Subramanian,

Nehru

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that play an essential role in controlling gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They can serve as biomarkers in the management of obesity. Circulating miRNAs levels change with exercise, impacting various physiological and biological systems, including structural and functional changes. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of miRNAs 423-5p and 128-1 in young adolescents with obesity before and after an aerobic exercise programme. We also analyse the relationship between those microRNAs and obesity-related parameters in response to aerobic exercise training. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 adolescent individuals (32 individuals with obesity and 32 healthy individuals) were enrolled in the study to participate in a 6-month aerobic exercise programme. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and blood samples were collected from all the participants prior to exercise training and after the 6-month programme. Gene expression analysis of the study participants was performed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Expression levels of circulating microRNAs 423-5p (p < 0.01) and 128-1 (p < 0.01) differed significantly before and after exercise in the study population. Circulating miRNA 423-5p increased and correlated significantly with BMI while circulating miRNA 128-1 decreased and also significantly correlated with BMI after the 6-month aerobic exercise programme. Logistic regression analysis shows that the elevation in miRNAs expression levels has a strong significant association with the increased levels of the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Obesity leads to alterations in the expressions of miRNA 423-5p and miRNA 128-1. The significant changes observed after an aerobic exercise programme demonstrate the potential of these miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for obesity.

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Evaluation of obesity and its risk factors among rural adults in Tamil Nadu, India

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Perception, risk factors, and health behaviours in adult obesity in Kolkata, India: a mixed methods approach

Perception, risk factors, and health behaviours in adult obesity in Kolkata, India: a mixed methods approach

Influence of Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Criteria

Therapeutic Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Adolescents with Obesity and Its Association with Expression of miRNAs and Cytokines: A Clinical Approach

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