Evaluation of oilfield‐produced water treated with a prepared magnetic inorganic polymer: Poly(silicate aluminum)/magnetite

Abstract

In this study, novel coagulant poly(silicate aluminum)/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (PFeNPs) were prepared via magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) modified by poly(silicate aluminum) (PSA). The physiochemical properties of the PFeNPs were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and f-potential metric analysis. The effect of the aging time on the Al distribution of the PFeNPs was analyzed by the Al-Ferron timed complex colorimetric method. Oilfield-produced water was used for the assessment of the coagulation performances. The fractal dimensions, formation, breakage, and regrowth of the flocs were studied in turn. The experimental results show that the PFeNPs exhibited a porous layer of a net structure, and the PSA grafted onto the PFeNPs via SiAOAFe enhanced the positive charge of the FeNPs. Meanwhile, the coagulation performance of the PFeNPs on total organic carbon, the turbidity, and the calcium removal were beyond 98%. In addition, the moisture content of the flocs derived from the PFeNPs was 68.7% (it is normally > 98%). We found that the compactness of the flocs derived from the PFeNPs was far greater than those of PSA. This will provide new sight into the preparation of magnetic singlephase inorganic polymer coagulants.

Chitosan-Based Grafted Cationic Magnetic Material to Remove Emulsified Oil from Wastewater: Performance and Mechanism

“…However, the negative charges of both the naked Fe 3 O 4 and emulsified oil droplets lead to a remarkably low flocculation efficiency [18]. Therefore, conventional flocculants, such as polymeric aluminum chloride and polyacrylamide (PAM), are often dosed as assistants for the naked Fe 3 O 4 [19][20][21]. While this approach enhances the removal efficiency of emulsified oil, it complicates the operation and leaves a certain number of flocculants in the water, potentially posing environmental risks.…”

Navigating Produced Water Sustainability in the Oil and Gas Sector: A Critical Review of Reuse Challenges, Treatment Technologies, and Prospects Ahead

“…Water 2023, 15, 4088 2 of 33 In general, a single treatment strategy cannot meet every reuse and disposal requirement. Physical treatment methods are unable to comply with the regulatory restrictions for oilfield produced water (PW) due to the presence of highly hazardous contaminants, such as phenols, radionuclides, and other persistent organic pollutants [8,9]. In addition, flocculation and coagulation, two chemical treatment procedures, have not been shown to be efficient enough to remove dissolved elements.…”

“…In addition, flocculation and coagulation, two chemical treatment procedures, have not been shown to be efficient enough to remove dissolved elements. Sludge generated from chemical treatment operations also contributes to effluent's concentration of dangerous metals [8][9][10]. While membrane treatment is effective, it does have certain limitations, such as its sensitivity to feed-stream constituents, periodic cleaning, disposal and recycling issues, and the requirement for further waste treatment during the backwash process [11][12][13].…”

“…While membrane treatment is effective, it does have certain limitations, such as its sensitivity to feed-stream constituents, periodic cleaning, disposal and recycling issues, and the requirement for further waste treatment during the backwash process [11][12][13]. Numerous studies in recent years have identified process integration as a viable strategy for treating and recycling PW [8,9,[14][15][16][17][18].…”