Evaluation of Old Netim Basement Rocks (South-Eastern Nigeria) for Construction Aggregates

Amah, E. A.; Esu, E. O.; Oden, M. I.; Anam, G.

doi:10.5539/jgg.v4n3p90

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The average specific gravity value of the DCRS (2.82), which is higher than the expected average (2.5) (Leaman, 1972), gives the DCRS a place as a construction stone. Water absorption values are not expected to exceed 5% for construction materials and based on Amah et al (2012) classification, all samples has water absorption in class A (less than 2) which is most suitable for all civil construction works. The DCRS have water absorption values far below this (0.57%), and hence can serve as a good material for floor tiling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…they occur both in the basement and sedimentary terrains. As industrialization and urbanization/development continues, the demands for crushed rocks as construction materials in Cross River State and elsewhere in Nigeria has led to the establishment of many granite quarries by investors for the production of rock aggregate (Amah et al, 2012). These granites/gneisses (commonly used construction stones) though available are expensive due to high demands thus forcing the local community to strictly adhere to the easily quarried dolerite for all forms of construction without proper evaluation of its suitability in such constructions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Dolerites of Cross River State (DCRS): Physical and Mechanical Properties

Michael¹,

Udinmwen²,

Esu³

2013

ENRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dolerite occurs in appreciable quantity in Cross River State and these have been locally quarried for construction without proper evaluation of its suitability as construction stones. The physical and mechanical properties as well as the general mineralogy were analyzed in this work to determine the suitability of these dolerites as construction aggregate. Results shows that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) ranges from 34.2 N/mm² to 56 N/mm², durability 96.9% to 99.21%, specific gravity (SG) 2.46 to 3, water absorption 0.14% to 1.59 % with an average porosity of 1.19. The medium/strong compressive strength, low porosity and water absorption, average density and specific gravity and high durability makes it suitable for construction but the presence of plagioclase and pyroxene which sometimes alters to clays and chlorite causing swelling when wet and shrinking when dry is a major limitation. Thus these dolerites without proper treatment/stabilization are not suitable for industrial/heavy traffic construction but can be readily and effectively applied in concrete for light foundation loads and buildings. Results also show that these dolerite are hard, tough, compact and durable and can replace the more expensive/competent construction stones (granite and /or gneiss) for light construction works, however the environmental conditions within which it would be applied should be evaluated and the first few meters around a dolerite sill or dyke should be avoided during quarrying for construction stones as the more softer rocks are found there

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dolerites of Cross River State (DCRS): Physical and Mechanical Properties

Michael¹,

Udinmwen²,

Esu³

2013

ENRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The physicochemical examination of the water wells includes color, odor, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) using a water test kit from Hanna [16]. The hydraulic head at various locations was obtained by subtracting the depth static groundwater level (SWL) from the elevation (E), which is derived from the Demnas Maps to the mean sea level (Figure 3) [17]. The wells data were plotted into a GIS map to obtain the groundwater flow pattern.…”

Section: Identify the Physicochemical Properties And Groundwater Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater investigation in the Batang Integrated Industrial Park, Central Java, Indonesia

Widyatama,

Wilopo,

Broto

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Batang Integrated Industrial Park (BIIP), Central Java, Indonesia, needs the support of water sources, one of which is groundwater. In addition, industrial waste also can contaminate the groundwater. Therefore, assessing groundwater potential and quality is vital for an environmental baseline to manage sustainable groundwater resources. This research aims to identify the subsurface geology, especially the aquifer system and physicochemicals of groundwater, unprecedented in BIIP. The aquifer system determined the research method through geological surface mapping and geoelectrical surveys. Physicochemical properties, including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC), were directly measured in wells and springs in the industrial areas. The result shows that the BIIP is dominated by sand, silt, and clay, with sand as the primary aquifer located in-depth 1.35 to 47 meters, concentrated mainly in the western region and towards the east, decreasing as an unconfined aquifer. Groundwater flows from the south toward the Java Sea in the north. Groundwater has a temperature of around 27.3–30.9°C, pH 5.26–7.47, TDS 49–568 mg/L, and EC 100 – 613 μs/cm. It indicates that the quality and quantity of groundwater in the BIIP are quite suitable for use as raw water.

show abstract

“…UCS of both the slates is also very low. Amah et al (2012) studied basement rocks (South-Eastern Nigeria) for construction aggregates and found that moisture content (W%) increases with decreasing hardness (H), specific gravity (SG) and compressive strength except where rock weathering and underground water cause some adverse effects on the rock quality. A decrease in the compressive strength of rocks could also be attributed to the presence of fractures, joints or microcracks, arising from the geological cause such as pressure relief from erosion, and cementation from circulating ground water (Wang and Simmons, 1978).…”

Section: Ethylene Glycol Soaking Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of strength and durability of rocks from Malekhu-Thopal Khola area, Central Nepal Lesser Himalaya for construction aggregates

Bista

Tamrakar

2017

Bull. Dept. Geol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aggregate, the inert materials used in almost every field of modern development structures have great influence. Aggregates may look similar in appearance but they may carry different physical, mechanical and chemical properties and they may perform accordingly. End uses of aggregates are also determined by their performance. The Lesser Himalaya of the Malekhu- Thopal area comprises more than 14 formations having great potential of rock aggregates. The present study was carried out in order to reveal the toughness and soundness of each rock type of the Lesser Himalaya so that durability can be determined. Altogether 25 representative samples were tested to find porosity, specific gravity, dry density, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Los Angeles abrasion value (LAAV), aggregates impact value (AIV), sodium sulphate soundness Value (SSSV), ethylene glycol soaking value and water absorption value (WAV). Results were compared with standards of different specifications and recommended for wide range end uses.Rock mass rating of each formation was carried out and the value ranges from 36 to 82. Specific gravity ranges from 2.08 to 3.08 and the dry density ranges from 2.3 to 3.22 g/cm3. All the samples have porosity less than 2% except the samples of the Benighat Slate. UCS value ranges from 5.9 to 301.9 MPa. The LAAV of the sample lies between 19.6% and 47.5%. AIV is between 8.54% and 34.28%. The SSSV ranges from 2.35 to 26.06%. Ethylene glycol soak index is 2 of all samples signifying that proportion of swelling clays or low accessibility of ethylene glycol through the samples due to low porosity. WAV of all the samples is below 2% except the Benighat Slates which indicates that the aggregates have low effective porosity. The entire test shows that most of the sample meets different national and international standards and can be recommended for wide range of end uses.Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 18, 2015, pp. 15–34

show abstract

Evaluation of Old Netim Basement Rocks (South-Eastern Nigeria) for Construction Aggregates

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

The Dolerites of Cross River State (DCRS): Physical and Mechanical Properties

The Dolerites of Cross River State (DCRS): Physical and Mechanical Properties

Groundwater investigation in the Batang Integrated Industrial Park, Central Java, Indonesia

Evaluation of strength and durability of rocks from Malekhu-Thopal Khola area, Central Nepal Lesser Himalaya for construction aggregates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About