Evaluation of olfactory fossa anatomy by computed tomography and the place of Keros classification in functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Karatay, Emrah

doi:10.14744/scie.2020.88156

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The mean widths of OF and CP were statistically significant in our study. Unlike other studies, in our study, the mean CP depth was statistically significant according to the side [1,13,16]. The mean CP depth on the left was greater than the right.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Therefore, in this study, we showed that the region of OF can be evaluated with CBCT and to provide a detailed examination of the relevant region. The mean CP depth in the studies by Karatay et al [16], Babu et al [17], and Salroo et al [18] was 4.89, 5.26 and 5.08 mm, respectively. They observed a significant difference in CP depth between men and women [16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The mean CP depth in the studies by Karatay et al [16], Babu et al [17], and Salroo et al [18] was 4.89, 5.26 and 5.08 mm, respectively. They observed a significant difference in CP depth between men and women [16][17][18]. While Skorek et al [19] reported that there was no statistically significant difference in CP depth according to gender, age and side, they reported a significant difference in OF and CP widths according to gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Radiological Evaluation of Olfactory Fossa with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Keşkek¹,

Aytuğar

2021

JOMR

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Objectives:The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the morphology of the olfactory fossa in the Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography according to Keros classification and to investigate the effect of age, gender and nasal septum deviation on the olfactory fossa. Material and Methods: Olfactory fossa (OF) were analysed in coronal sections on cone-beam computed tomography images of 385 individuals. Nasal floor (NF), medial ethmoid roof point (MERP), cribriform plate (CP) heights, CP depth and width, OF width, lateral lamella-cribriform plate angle (LLCPA), and nasal septum deviation angle (NSDA) were measured. Keros and Gera classifications were made according to the measurements. Results: According to the Keros classification, 137 of 770 OFs were type I (17.8%), 554 (71.9%) were type II, and 79 (10.3%) were type III. The most common combination was Keros type II and Gera type II (45.6%). There was a positive correlation between CP depth and LLCP angle, NF, MERP and CP heights (P ≤ 0.05). NF, MERP, and CP heights, CP depth and LLCP angle were statistically significant differences according to Keros classification (P ≤ 0.05). Only the right LLCP angle showed a statistically significant difference according to the NSD sides (P = 0.014). Conclusions:The study shows that the lateral lamella-cribriform plate angle increases as the cribriform plate depth increases. This result suggests that it may moderate the risk during endoscopic sinus surgery. Also, according to the nasal septum deviation sides, the dimensions of the olfactory fossa did not change significantly, except for the lateral lamella-cribriform plate angle.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Radiological Evaluation of Olfactory Fossa with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Keşkek¹,

Aytuğar

2021

JOMR

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“…LLCP is located in the lateral part of the olfactory fossa (OF), which is a depression in the anterior cranial cavity and the crista galli in the medial part. The OF depth is identified by the height of the LLCP (4). According to the Keros classification in 1962, OF depth is evaluated as three types.Depths between 1-3 mm, 4-7 mm, and 8-16 mm were defined as types 1, 2, and 3, respectively (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Olfactory Fossa With Computed Tomography for Endoscopic Surgery

Serindere

2023

Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this case-control study is to assess the olfactory fossa (OF) anatomy in computed tomography (CT) images of patients with clinical and radiological diagnoses of sinusitis as well as those of patients of a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 patients without sinusitis and 100 patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of chronic sinusitis who were referred for CT scans were included. The OF types were recorded according to the Keros classification. Medial ethmoid roof point (MERP) height, cribriform plate (CP) height and width, OF depth and width, and angle of lateral lamella-cribriform plate (ALLCP) were also measured. RESULTS: The mean depth of OF was 5.9 mm and 6.1 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The most common type was type 2 on the right (51%) and left (45.5%) sides. The mean height of the MERP was 27.9 mm in both the right and left sides. The mean height of CP was 22.0 mm and 21.8 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean width of the OF was 4.1 mm and 3.4 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean width of CP was 2.8 mm and 2.4 mm on the right and left sides, respectively.The mean right and left ALLCP were 77.6° and 79.1°, respectively. No significant difference was found between the parameters in the case and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the presence of sinusitis has no effect on the anatomy of the OF. However, preoperative evaluation of the OF anatomy is very important in minimizing complications that may occur during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

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Evaluation of the Keros Classification of Olfactory Fossa by CT Scan in Qassim Region

Almushayti¹,

Almutairi²,

Almushayti³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is now the most often utilized surgical procedure for treating chronic sinonasal disorders. Therefore, anatomical knowledge of its variations is required to avoid serious postoperative complications. Thus, careful preoperative examination for patients with a paranasal sinus CT scan is necessary. Our study aims to evaluate Keros types and their incidence by evaluating the olfactory fossa (OF) depth according to the Keros classification on paranasal sinus CT scans in the Qassim region. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and January 2021 on 148 patients with an average age of 32.59 ± 6.1 who had a non-enhanced paranasal sinus CT scan evaluated by a consultant radiologist using the PACS (picture archiving and communication system) software. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software package SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between findings and patient characteristics. Also, a p-value of < 0.05 was kept in mind to indicate statistical significance. ResultsThe average depth of the right olfactory fossa (OF) was 5.1 mm with a standard deviation of 1.756 while it was 5.28 on the left side with a standard deviation of 1.66. According to the Keros classification, out of a total of 296 OF, type 1 was found in 84 (28.4%), type 2 in 188 (63.5%), and type 3 in 24 (8.1%). Consequently, the majority of cases were of type 2. Also, we found that type 2 was the most common on both sides in males, whereas, in females, type 2 was the most common on the left side and type 1 on the right side. ConclusionThe study of the Keros classification is significantly important to evaluate the anatomy of the anterior skull base and give the surgeon knowledge about the depth of the olfactory fossa. Thus, a preoperative CT scan of the paranasal sinus is critical to ensure that the surgical approach is properly planned and possible surgical complications related to the anatomy of this area can be prevented. Our study showed that Keros type II is the most common, followed by type I and then type III.

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Evaluation of olfactory fossa anatomy by computed tomography and the place of Keros classification in functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Radiological Evaluation of Olfactory Fossa with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Radiological Evaluation of Olfactory Fossa with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Evaluation of the Olfactory Fossa With Computed Tomography for Endoscopic Surgery

Evaluation of the Keros Classification of Olfactory Fossa by CT Scan in Qassim Region

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