Evaluation of Online Risk Assessment To Identify Rabies Exposures Among Health Care Workers — Utah, 2019

Whitehouse, Erin; Peterson, Dallin; McCaffrey, Keegan; Eichenbaum, Amit; Gruninger, Randon; Dascomb, Kristin; Frame, Cherie; Wallace, Ryan M.; Bonwitt, Jesse

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6929a3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Fundamentally, as nearly all rabies cases occur after a bite, applied epidemiological data collection on the incidence of animal bite by age, sex, season, locality, species, etc., can be highly informative to public health policy creation in mitigating risks of disease occurrence by preventing and responding to exposures 2 , 41 , 58 , 74 , 86 , 91 , 92 , 95 , 191 . Applied appropriately with mass dog vaccination and human prophylaxis in a local, national, or regional One Health context saves lives and healthcare costs 2 , 96 .…”

Section: Epizootiological Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on lyssaviruses and rabies: will past progress play as prologue in the near term towards future elimination?

Rohde

Rupprecht²

2020

Fac Rev

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Rabies is an ancient, much-feared, and neglected infectious disease. Caused by pathogens in the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus, and distributed globally, this viral zoonosis results in tens of thousands of human fatalities and millions of exposures annually. All mammals are believed susceptible, but only certain taxa act as reservoirs. Dependence upon direct routing to, replication within, and passage from the central nervous system serves as a basic viral strategy for perpetuation. By a combination of stealth and subversion, lyssaviruses are quintessential neurotropic agents and cause an acute, progressive encephalitis. No treatment exists, so prevention is the key. Although not a disease considered for eradication, something of a modern rebirth has been occurring within the field as of late with regard to detection, prevention, and management as well as applied research. For example, within the past decade, new lyssaviruses have been characterized; sensitive and specific diagnostics have been optimized; pure, potent, safe, and efficacious human biologics have improved human prophylaxis; regional efforts have controlled canine rabies by mass immunization; wildlife rabies has been controlled by oral rabies vaccination over large geographic areas in Europe and North America; and debate has resumed over the controversial topic of therapy. Based upon such progress to date, there are certain expectations for the next 10 years. These include pathogen discovery, to uncover additional lyssaviruses in the Old World; laboratory-based surveillance enhancement by simplified, rapid testing; anti-viral drug appearance, based upon an improved appreciation of viral pathobiology and host response; and improvements to canine rabies elimination regionally throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas by application of the best technical, organizational, economic, and socio-political practices. Significantly, anticipated Gavi support will enable improved access of human rabies vaccines in lesser developed countries at a national level, with integrated bite management, dose-sparing regimens, and a 1 week vaccination schedule.

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