Evaluation of optical coherence tomography angiographic findings in Alzheimer’s type dementia

Bulut, Mehmet; Kurtuluş, Fatma; Gözkaya, Onursal; Erol, Muhammet Kazım; Cengiz, Ayşe; Akıdan, Melih; Yaman, Aylın

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310476

Cited by 223 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Using OCTA, Bulut et al showed that the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density (VD) was lower in AD compared to controls, and there was an association between the Mini Mental State Examination score and both SCP VD and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. 5 Kwapong et al showed similar changes in the early stages of PD compared to controls. 6 This suggests that retinal capillary impairment may occur early in the PD cascade before clinically apparent motor disorders manifest.…”

Section: Is Oct Angiography Useful In Neurodegenerative Diseases?mentioning

confidence: 90%

Is OCT Angiography Useful in Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Grewal¹,

Fine²,

Fekrat³

2019

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina

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Section: Is Oct Angiography Useful In Neurodegenerative Diseases?mentioning

confidence: 90%

Is OCT Angiography Useful in Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Grewal¹,

Fine²,

Fekrat³

2019

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina

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“…In addition, these early microvascular changes detected using OCT-A in diabetic eyes without DR are not very specific findings. For example, patients with other retinal diseases (e.g., AMD 12 and retinal vascular occlusion 13 ) and patients with neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease 14 and Parkinson's disease 15 ) also demonstrate nonspecific microvascular alterations in their macula, similar to those observed with DR. Therefore, the clinical relevance of microvascular changes preceding retinopathy should be established before these changes can be used as novel retinal biomarkers for DR in practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Association Between Clinical Biomarkers and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Choi

Park

Lee

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Choi EY, Park SE, Lee SC, et al. Association between clinical biomarkers and optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(3):4. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.3.4 PURPOSE.To investigate the clinical significance of the changes in the macular microvasculature in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 without diabetic retinopathy. METHODS.Fifty-five patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 without diabetic retinopathy and 48 healthy individuals were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study. We identified the changes of optical coherence tomography angiography parameters (foveal avascular zone [FAZ] area and circularity, vessel density, and perfusion index) of the 6 × 6-mm macular scan. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed between optical coherence tomography angiography parameters and previously known diabetes mellitus type 2-related demographic and systemic characteristics, and serum biochemical markers. RESULTS. FAZ parameters and perfusion index of the superficial and deep vascular plexus showed significant correlation with serum insulin level, and homeostasis model assessment indices. In multiple linear regression analysis, low insulin levels predicted increased FAZ areas in both the superficial (β = -0.007; P = 0.030) and deep layers (β = -0.010; P = 0.018) and a decreased perfusion index in the deep layer (β = 0.003; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS.The expansion and loss of circularity of the FAZ and the decrease in the perfusion index may be affected by insulin resistance and secretory capacity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with no diabetic retinopathy.

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“…Bulut et al were probably the rst to use OCTA imaging to analyze vascular lesions of the retina in AD patients. They found a reduction in the density of vessels in SVP in the eyes of AD compared to HC [18]. Subsequent research groups con rmed a decrease in retinal vascular density in SVP in patients diagnosed with AD [46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This is probably due to the diameter of the vessels: DVP vessels are thinner and have a smaller cross-section making them more sensitive to disease progression. Furthermore, Aβ plaques accumulating around the walls of vessels reduce the diameter of vessels leading to blood ow disorders, and also reduced angiogenesis, likely due to binding and blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor by Aβ deposits [18,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood vessels of the retina and brain share a common embryological origin and display similar anatomical and physiological properties, thus retinal vascular examination may provide new, valuable information on AD [17]. With the introduction of OCT angiography (OCTA), a modern technique for non-invasive imaging of retinal blood vessels in vivo, it has been demonstrated that retinal vessel density is signi cantly reduced in patients with AD, likely due to abnormal Aβ deposits that build up inside blood vessel walls [18,19]. However, OCTA imaging has also provided evidence of microvascular impairment owing to reduced vessel density within the peripapillary area and the macula in POAG [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Assessment of Retinal Thickness and Vessel Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Glaucoma

Zabel

Kałuz̊ny

Zabel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Retinal imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) may serve as an alternative approach to monitoring and diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, we performed direct comparisons of retinal vessel density with the thickness of inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer (ORL) in patients with AD and POAG. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 48 eyes of healthy control (HC) participants, 71 eyes of POAG patients, and 49 eyes of AD patients with confirmed presence of fibrillar brain amyloid on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with florbetapir F 18. Ophthalmic examination included OCT imaging to measure IRL and ORL thickness in the macula and OCTA in the same region for the imaging of vessel density in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and deep vascular plexus (DVP) of the retina. A direct comparison of vessels density and retinal layers thickness, which different dynamic ranges, was obtained by normalizing values as percentage losses. Values were adjusted for inter-eye correlation, age, gender, and scan quality, where applicable. Results Patients with AD presented significantly greater losses of vascular density in the DVP and ORL thickness compared to POAG (p < 0.001), but percentage losses of vessel density in SVP and IRL thickness were considerable in POAG compared to AD eyes (p < 0.001). Positive associations among presence of AD were observed primarily in outer retina where a 1% decrease of ORL thickness was associated with about 24–29% increase in odds of the presence of AD. According to OCTA measurements, a 1% decrease of vessel density in DVP was positively associated with a 4–9% increase in odds of the presence of AD. In POAG positive associations among presence of disease were observed only in inner retina where 1% loss of IRL thickness and a 1% loss of vessel density in the SVP were positively associated with a 13–23% increase in risk of presence of the disease. Conclusions Analysis of ORL thickness and vessel density in DVP could potentially improve diagnostic capabilities and may provide a valuable approach for predicting of AD.

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Evaluation of optical coherence tomography angiographic findings in Alzheimer’s type dementia

Abstract: In patients with ATD, retinal and choroidal vascular pathologies detected through OCTA imaging can be used as a new biomarker in the early diagnosis of the disease, follow-up of its progression and in investigating the efficacy of the drugs.

Cited by 223 publications

References 25 publications

Is OCT Angiography Useful in Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Is OCT Angiography Useful in Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Association Between Clinical Biomarkers and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Quantitative Assessment of Retinal Thickness and Vessel Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Glaucoma

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