Evaluation of outpatient paediatric drug prescriptions in a teaching hospital in Nigeria for rational prescribing

Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola; Chukwura, H A; Ojo, O I

doi:10.1185/146300906x167728

Cited by 34 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Antibiotics and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine antimalarials are the leading cause of ADRs in children in Nigeria, 2 since they constitute the medicines most frequently self-medicated to children, 15 most regularly prescribed by doctors 15,16 and most frequently stocked at home by parents. 15 Prevention of medicine-related morbidity and mortality has become an increasingly important requirement for reducing the morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure relating to ADRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and cost estimate of treating pediatric adverse drug reactions in Lagos, Nigeria

Oshikoya¹,

Chukwura

Njokanma³

et al. 2011

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may cause prolonged hospital admissions with high treatment costs. The burden of ADRs in children has never been evaluated in Nigeria. The incidence of pediatric ADRs and the estimated cost of treatment over an 18-month period were determined in this study. DESIGN AND SETTING:Prospective observational study on children admitted to the pediatric wards of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) in Nigeria, between July 2006 and December 2007. METHODS:Each patient was assessed for ADRs throughout admission. Medical and non-medical costs to the hospital and patient were estimated for each ADR by reviewing the medical and pharmacy bills, medical charts and diagnostic request forms and by interviewing the parents. Cost estimates were performed in 2007 naira (Nigeria currency) from the perspectives of the hospital (government), service users (patients) and society (bearers of the total costs attributable to treating ADRs). The total estimated cost was expressed in 2007 United States dollars (USD). RESULTS:Two thousand and four children were admitted during the study; 12 (0.6%) were admitted because of ADRs and 23 (1.2%) developed ADR(s) during admission. Forty ADRs were suspected in these 35 patients and involved 53 medicines. Antibiotics (50%) were the most suspected medicines. Approximately 1.83 million naira (USD 15,466.60) was expended to manage all the patients admitted due to ADRs. CONCLUSIONS:Treating pediatric ADRs was very expensive. Pediatric drug use policies in Nigeria need to be reviewed so as to discourage selfmedication, polypharmacy prescription and sales of prescription medicines without prescription. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento das RAD pediátricas foi bastante caro. As políticas de uso de drogas em pediatria na Nigéria devem ser revistas para desencorajar a auto-medicação, a prescrição de polifarmácia e a venda de medicamentos de prescrição sem prescrição.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and cost estimate of treating pediatric adverse drug reactions in Lagos, Nigeria

Oshikoya¹,

Chukwura

Njokanma³

et al. 2011

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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show abstract

“…Several studies have shown that medication errors, misuse of prescription drugs, use of non-prescribed drugs, and simultaneously taking orthodox and herbal medicine by parents can undermine children's' health [17][18][19]. For instance, the self-medication of antibiotics has greatly contributed to antibiotic resistance [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Self-medication Practices for Treatment of Illnesses among School-children in Southeast Nigeria

Nworie

Aluh

Eze

et al. 2018

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“…[6,7] This probably explains why the use of antimalarials and antibiotics for under five children in Nigeria was very high. [8][9][10] These medicines are frequently associated with severe adverse reactions. [10] Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been reported as a cause of death in children; [10] yet, medicine has not been recognized as a cause of death in the various studies that reported childhood mortality in Nigeria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Providing safe medicines for children in Nigeria: The impediments and remedies

Oshikoya

2010

Ann Afr Med

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Promoting safety of medicines for children is a global concern which has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to launch a campaign of "Making Medicines Child Size". Children in Nigeria were once victims of unethical clinical medicine trials and repeated victims of use of fake and adulterated medicines. Considering the magnitude of harms children had suffered in Nigeria from the use of medicines, there is a need for literature review to identify the factors preventing children from accessing safe medicines and to suggest remedies to the problems. Lack of access to up- to- date medicine information, lack of training and research in pediatric clinical pharmacology, deficiencies in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching of medicine risk management and clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, irrational medicine use due to lack of pediatric focus on essential medicine list and inappropriate home storage of medicines by parents, lack of evidence- based medicine (EBM) practice, lack of national adverse drug reaction surveillance among children, and weak national drug policies were the major problems identified. It is to be hoped that development and provision of a pediatric national drug formulary for health professionals in Nigeria, creating a comprehensive national pediatric drug research network in collaborations with developed countries, reviewing the undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum in pediatrics to include teaching of basic elements of rational prescribing, drug dose calculations, adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance, increasing access to essential medicines for children, postgraduate teaching of EBM, and strengthening of the national drug policies would improve children's access to safe medicines in Nigeria.

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Evaluation of outpatient paediatric drug prescriptions in a teaching hospital in Nigeria for rational prescribing

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Incidence and cost estimate of treating pediatric adverse drug reactions in Lagos, Nigeria

Incidence and cost estimate of treating pediatric adverse drug reactions in Lagos, Nigeria

Assessment of Self-medication Practices for Treatment of Illnesses among School-children in Southeast Nigeria

Providing safe medicines for children in Nigeria: The impediments and remedies

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