Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Experimental Evidence of the Efficacy of MDA as Cancer Biomarker in Young Patients

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a fatal disorder in most cases and is the most common cancer in young patients. ALL features an uncontrolled proliferation and maturation arrest of lymphoid progenitor cells (lymphoblast) in the bone marrow. An increase of reactive species production occurs in ALL with an involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and cellular damage. However, there is a lack of information about variations in young patients. The biomarker widely used to measure the OS is the main product of lipid peroxidation, the malondialdehyde (MDA). This biomarker, when evaluated by a chromatographic method and the data analyzed by multivariate analysis with other biochemical parameters of ALL patient charts, shows the distinction of healthy and ALL patients, and a great correlation with the risk of disease.

Evaluation of Advanced Glycation End Products and other Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Leukemia

“…These data exhibit that the median levels of serum MDA are significantly higher in leukemia patients compared to the control group (P˂ 0.0357) showing in (Table 1 and Figure 1). This concurs with previous study that demonstrated the level of MDA in leukemia patients is significantly increased compared with control group [36][37][38][39]. These data are in disagreement with previous study that demonstrated the level of MDA in leukemia patients is significantly increased when compared to control group [40].…”

N-acetylcysteine vs placebo as adjunctive treatment in paediatric leukaemia: A single blind, randomized controlled trial

“…A study by Singh V, et al 17 reported significant decrease of MDA level between newly-diagnosed ALL patients and after the patients finished the chemotherapy. Increase of oxidative stress (increased MDA level) in ALL patients after ALL diagnosed positively correlated with increase in anti-apoptosis factors sFas-L and Bcl-2 which can initiate and promote ALL 13 .…”

“…Studies by Almeida MB, et al 13 , Al-Tonbary Y, et al 14 and Pujari KN, et al 15 showed that the MDA level was higher in ALL patients compared to normal subjects. This indicated that the increased lipid peroxides in ALL patients was the result of oxidative stress produced by free radicals 5 .…”

Kadar Malondialdehid Sebagai Biomarker Stress Oksidatif Sebelum dan Sesudah Kemoterapi Fase Induksi pada Pasien Anak dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

“…Terdapat 30 subjek dalam penelitian ini. Median kadar malondialdehid serum sebelum kemoterapi fase induksi adalah 77,63 (20,45-578,66) dan menurun menjadi 66,63 (22,3) setelah kemoterapi fase induksi, tetapi tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,60). Pada kelompok sesudah kemoterapi fase induksi, terdapat peningkatan status gizi baik pada 22 subjek (73,4%), sedangkan sebelum kemoterapi hanya terdapat 15 subjek (50%), tetapi tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,464).…”

“…Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengatasi dampak stres oksidatif selama kemoterapi pada pasien leukemia anak. 2,3 Kadar Malondialdehid meningkat saat awal kemoterapi sesuai dengan stres oksidatif, menjadikannya biomarker yang ideal. Pengukuran kadar ini akurat dengan berbagai metode dan stabil dalam sampel cairan tubuh yang diisolasi serta merupakan produk khusus peroksida lemak.…”