Evaluation of patient characteristics, management and outcomes for COVID-19 at district hospitals in the Western Cape, South Africa: descriptive observational study

Mash, Robert; Presence-Vollenhoven, Mellisa; Adeniji, A. A.; Christoffels, Renaldo; Doubell, Karlien; Eksteen, Lawson; Hendrikse, A. J. Hunter A. S.; Hutton, Lauren; Jenkins, Louis; Kapp, Paul; Lombard, Annie; Marais, Heleen; Rossouw, Laura; Stuve, Katrin; Ugoagwu, Abi; Williams, Bev

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047016

Cited by 44 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our search was limited by published full-text article in English language. Most studies investigating this association used BMI categories as the predictor variable [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Four cross-sectional studies did not specify the used classification of obesity [38][39][40][41] presumably using the WHO guidelines defining obesity as BMI of 30 or higher.…”

Section: Obesity and Covid-19 Disease Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four cross-sectional studies did not specify the used classification of obesity [38][39][40][41] presumably using the WHO guidelines defining obesity as BMI of 30 or higher. Outcome variables included: hospitalization [36,38,42], ICU admission [31,35,37,38,[43][44][45], intubation [24,25,29,37,38], invasive mechanical ventilation [26,31,34], disease severity [27,28,30,33] and death [24][25][26][27][28][29]32,[38][39][40][41]. Of the eleven studies investigating the association between BMI and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ten studies observed an increased mortality rate in patients that were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 to <30) [24,32], or suffering from obesity (BMI ≥ 30) [25,29,[38][39][40][41], or severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35) [26,…”

Section: Obesity and Covid-19 Disease Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 and Complications: A Review

Demeulemeester¹,

Punder²,

Heijningen³

et al. 2021

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emerging data suggest that obesity is a major risk factor for the progression of major complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm and coagulopathy in COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and disease severity as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for the development of new therapeutic interventions and preventive measures in this high-risk group. We propose that multiple features of obesity contribute to the prevalence of severe COVID-19 and complications. First, viral entry can be facilitated by the upregulation of viral entry receptors, like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), among others. Second, obesity-induced chronic inflammation and disruptions of insulin and leptin signaling can result in impaired viral clearance and a disproportionate or hyper-inflammatory response, which together with elevated ferritin levels can be a direct cause for ARDS and cytokine storm. Third, the negative consequences of obesity on blood coagulation can contribute to the progression of thrombus formation and hemorrhage. In this review we first summarize clinical findings on the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 disease severity and then further discuss potential mechanisms that could explain the risk for major complications in patients suffering from obesity.

show abstract

Section: Obesity and Covid-19 Disease Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obesity and Covid-19 Disease Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 and Complications: A Review

Demeulemeester¹,

Punder²,

Heijningen³

et al. 2021

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Countries across the globe have erected field hospitals to support permanent medical facilities during the ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Often enacted by provincial or territorial health ministries, these facilities addressed the growing limitations of bed capacity, especially for non-critical care patients [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing Food and Nutrition Services during the COVID-19 Surge at the Javits New York Medical Station

Sanchez

Gelfand

Perkins

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Military field hospitals typically provide essential medical care in combat zones. In recent years, the United States (US) Army has deployed these facilities to assist domestic humanitarian emergency and natural disaster response efforts. As part of the nation’s whole-of-government approach to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, directed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Health and Human Services, during New York City’s (NYC) initial surge of COVID-19, from 26 March to 1 May 2020, the US Army erected the Javits New York Medical Station (JNYMS) field hospital to support the city’s overwhelmed healthcare system. The JNYMS tasked a nutrition operations team (NuOp) to provide patient meals and clinical nutrition evaluations to convalescent COVID-19 patients. However, few guidelines were available for conducting emergency nutrition and dietary response efforts prior to the field hospital’s opening. In this case study, we summarize the experiences of the NuOp at the JNYMS field hospital, to disseminate the best practices for future field hospital deployments. We then explain the challenges in service performance, due to information, personnel, supply, and equipment shortages. We conclude by describing the nutrition service protocols that have been implemented to overcome these challenges, including creating a standardized recordkeeping system for patient nutrition information, developing a meal tracking system to forecast meal requirements with food service contractors, and establishing a training and staffing model for military-to-civilian command transition. We highlight the need for a standardized humanitarian emergency nutrition service response framework and propose a Nutrition Response Toolkit for Humanitarian Crises, which offers low-cost, easily adaptable operational protocols for implementation in future field hospital deployments.

show abstract

“…Despite the fact that Africa consists of relatively young populations, with active community health structures educated in pandemics and favorable climate, the COVID-19 outbreak brought a notable growth of hospital workload affecting patient management. 13 Despite the reduction of patient visits, the increased demands for critically ill patients in understaffed intensive care units result in significantly less time dedicated to non-COVID-19 patient care, 14 while the landscape of public restrictions for the deterioration of the COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving with disproportional effects among rural and urban areas. The collateral political damages from incidents of police enforcement abuse and brutality in South Africa with regard to racial discrimination, the assignment of police authorities from the government to people in Ghana, in conjunction with economic recession might cause a new exacerbation of YF in African regions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%