Evaluation of patients suffered from burning mouth syndrome and persistent idiopathic facial pain using Japanese version PainDETECT questionnaire and depression scales

Abstract

Background/purpose Various questionnaires have been validated as methods for screening of neuropathic pain, but none have been established for the orofacial region. Although chronic pain and depression are likely to comorbid, few studies have examined the relationship between orofacial chronic pain and depression. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of the Japanese Version of PainDETECT as an assessment tool for neuropathic pain associated with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP). We also evaluated the depression scale such as Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI: a subjective index) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS: an objective index) with BMS or PIFP. Materials and methods As a target, we administered the Japanese version of the PainDETECT questionnaire to the BMS (29 patients) and PIFP (17 patients). As a control, patients with post-extraction pain (typical nociceptive pain, (EXT) 16 patients) were also participated. We performed BDI and HDRS with BMS or PIFP. Results Although PainDETECT final score was significantly higher in BMS [median: 10] compared with PIFP [6] and EXT [5] (p < 0.05), PainDETECT final scores for all groups were lower than the cutoff value for the possibility of neuropathic pain. HDRS was significantly higher in the BMS than the PIFP. There were no significant differences between the BMS and PIFP in BDI. Conclusion Under the limitations of current research design, the Japanese version of the PainDETECT questionnaire does not show sufficient potential as pain assessment tool for patients with BMS and PIFP. BMS is comorbid with depression objectively when compared with PIFP.

The use of self‐report questionnaires in an analysis of the multidimensional aspects of pain and a correlation with the psychological profile and quality of life in patients with burning mouth syndrome: A case‐control study

“…Moreover, the median and IQR of the PD‐Q score of the BMS patients in this sample was 8 [4.75–11.2] and only in 3 patients (7.5%) could the pain be considered as neuropathic (PD‐Q > 19). This result is in accordance with the study of Boku et al 39 on 29 patients with BMS where the authors concluded that the pain in fewer than 15% could include neuropathic pain elements. These results are in contrast with the study of Lopez‐Jornet et al, 18 on 33 BMS patients, where the pain was considered neuropathic in 21% of patients.…”

“…23 In addition, these scales have shown their positive correlation with the psychological profile and QoL. Instead, in accordance with the study of Boku et al, 39 the PD-Q seems not to be a suitable tool for the evaluation of pain in BMS, if different tools are available, because our results confirm that the nature of pain may be nociceptive rather than neuropathic.…”

“…Pain dimensions continue to be one of the most frequently assessed outcome domains in every study about BMS 9,18,36,39,42 . Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation using not only unidimensional scales, such as the VAS, should be an essential prerequisite in future studies on this syndrome.…”

“…46 Pain dimensions continue to be one of the most frequently assessed outcome domains in every study about BMS. 9,18,36,39,42 Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation using not only unidimensional scales, such as the VAS, should be an essential prerequisite in future studies on this syndrome. Indeed, the VAS scale, on account of its simplicity of use, gives a quick pain intensity analysis but the assessment should be completed with the use of multidimensional scales such as the SF-MPQ and BPI, useful to evaluate the pain characteristics and the interference caused by the pain.…”

Efficacy of photobiomodulation in reducing pain and improving the quality of life in patients with idiopathic burning mouth syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In clinical terms, the mucosa appears healthy without any obvious lesions, and this condition may be accompanied by xerostomia and/or dysgeusia. The sensation is recurrent on a daily basis, for more than 2 h/day, and for more than 3 months [ 1 , 2 ]. The intensity of which ranges from moderate to severe, with it increasing throughout the day, although it tends to be absent at night.…”