Evaluation of Pb, Mg, Al, Zn, and Cu as Electrode Materials in the Electrocoagulation of Microalgae

Phiri, Jesse; Pak, Hun; We, Junhyung; Oh, Sanghwa

doi:10.3390/pr9101769

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Under conditions of higher electrical voltage during the electrocoagulation process, there is an increase in the oxidation rate that occurs at the anode (positive electrode). The Fe electrode oxidizes faster, releasing many metal ions into the solution (Phiri et al, 2021). Helix electrode con guration refers to a design in which the electrodes in the electrocoagulation process are arranged in a spiral shape.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At higher voltages, the electrolytic oxidation rate increases, which leads to a more excellent supply of metal ions in the solution. This increased ion supply increases the contact between metal ions and negatively charged particle surfaces, resulting in higher occulation e ciency (Phiri et al, 2021). Equations for optimum allowance e ciency of TOC, IC, TC, and phosphate parameters are shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrocoagulation Process for Nutrient Recovery of Agricultural Wastewater: Effect of Calcium Adding, Voltage, and Time

Oktiawan,

Sarminingsih,

Hadiwidodo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Recovery of valuable resources, such as nutrient recovery from wastewater, can help close the nutrient cycle and is interesting to investigate. This study aims to evaluate phosphate recovery and set aside TOC, OC, and IC in agricultural wastewater using electrocoagulation with helix electrode configuration. This study used a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis to perform statistical analysis and modeling using a central composite design (CCD). Variation of calcium concentration, electric voltage, and electrocoagulation time is applied in an electrocoagulation reactor with a helix-shaped stainless steel cathode and a solid cylindrical Mg anode. Based on RSM analysis, calcium concentration, electrical voltage, and electrolysis time significantly affect phosphate recovery and TOC, OC, and IC removal when agricultural wastewater is treated using electrocoagulation with a helical electrode configuration. The lowest phosphate concentration achieved was 0.003 mg/L (99.74% reduction) under operating conditions of 15 V voltage, 15 min time, and two mg/L calcium concentration. The highest TOC allowance is >100% of the initial concentration, TC allowance is 55.79%, and IC allowance is 30.91%. The efficiency of TOC removal in the electrocoagulation process is affected by the formation of metal hydroxides, with higher electrolysis times leading to higher TOC removal efficiency. Higher voltages also improve coagulation and flotation processes in the reactor. Calcium concentration plays a role in enhancing the flocculation process and binding phosphonates from wastewater.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation Process for Nutrient Recovery of Agricultural Wastewater: Effect of Calcium Adding, Voltage, and Time

Oktiawan,

Sarminingsih,

Hadiwidodo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…As a result, electrodissolution of the working metal electrode, also defined as the sacrificial anode, occurs. In most of the EC processes, aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) anodes are used, which favor the formation of hydroxi-metallic species as products of the electrochemical reactions, which are effective in terms of destabilizing the pollutant constituents of the effluents. , In addition to Al and Fe, other metals such as Cu, Ti-MnO 2 , Ni, Zn, and Mg are also used. − …”

Section: Electrocoagulation Process (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation Process as a Consolidated Technology in the Treatment of Industrial Effluents and as a Promising Process in the Treatment of Effluents Generated by Car Washes: A Brief Review

Guerreiro Crizel,

Barreto,

Fiori

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Electrocoagulation (EC) is an efficient treatment method that involves the electrodissolution of anodes, the formation of coagulants in situ, and the production of hydrogen at the cathode, facilitating the removal of pollutants by flotation. Industry in general aims to reduce the contaminant load, expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD), and EC effluent treatment is particularly effective in this process. The development of EC processes has been an efficient alternative for the treatment of effluents with high pollutant loads, such as tannery, pulp and paper, textile, beverage, and food industries, and many demonstrate the potential for application in car wash effluent. This study presents a review of the use of EC for the treatment of various effluents containing COD, OGs, surfactants, color, and turbidity, but with a greater focus on the vehicle washing sector. It also discusses the factors that influence the efficiency of EC and the main discussions of the authors. Presently, the investigations of studies already carried out show that the performance of the EC process is dependent on many relationships and factors, such as the type of material constituting the electrode, the electric potential difference, the electric current density, the distance between electrodes, the surface area of the electrodes, the pH, the initial concentration of contaminants, the conductivity and the treatment time. The review demonstrated that the EC process has been employed in the treatment of many types of effluents and with relatively high efficiency rates, in general, between 60.0% and up to 90.0%, aiming at the reduction of the COD indexes, the reduction from 60.0% up to 99.0% of color content, the 87.0% reduction of chromium. In turn, for turbidity, it varied on average from 44.0 to 99.0%. For other parameters such as MBAS and OGs, in most studies, the reduction exceeded 90.0%.

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“…According to Joule's law, the amount of heat generated during the electrocoagulation (EC) process is proportional to the square of the electric current, 28,29 which leads to an increase in the solution temperature. According to Ilhan et al, the temperature rise during the EC process is a consequence of the electrolysis reactions, and depends on the applied current density and the electrode type.…”

Section: Efficiency Of Electrocoagulation Combined With Natural Zeoli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Učinkovitost obrade elektrokoagulacije kombinirane s različitim veličinama čestica prirodnog zeolita

Svilović,

Vukojević Medvidović,

Vrsalović

et al. 2024

Kem. ind. (Online)

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In a previous study, the larger size of synthetic zeolite particles was highlighted as better choice for electrocoagulation combined with zeolite (ECZ). This choice resulted in a smaller rise in pH and temperature, a more significant decline in turbidity as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD), and lower electrode wastage, but with greater damage to the electrode surface. The focus of this study was to determine whether natural zeolite of three different particle sizes has the same effect on the ECZ process. The Taguchi method L9 was employed in planning the experiments, with particle sizes of natural zeolite ranging up to 600 μm, three different electrode materials (carbon steel, aluminium alloy, and sacrificial zinc anode), current density in the range of 0.003-0.018 A cm −2 , and contact time in the range 10-30 min. The Taguchi optimisation results revealed a more significant decrease in COD and turbidity with the smallest particle size of natural zeolite used (90 µm) and with Al electrodes. Evidently, the zeolite particle size, together with the zeolite composition, had a significant influence on the reduction in COD and turbidity. Anode consumption ranged from 0.0172 to 0.6469 g, with minor cathode consumption evident on all electrode materials. Optical microscopy analysis indicated significant corrosion of the anodes, particularly with the largest natural zeolite particle size of 160-600 µm, while minor corrosion damage was also observed on the cathodes.

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Evaluation of Pb, Mg, Al, Zn, and Cu as Electrode Materials in the Electrocoagulation of Microalgae

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Electrocoagulation Process for Nutrient Recovery of Agricultural Wastewater: Effect of Calcium Adding, Voltage, and Time

Electrocoagulation Process for Nutrient Recovery of Agricultural Wastewater: Effect of Calcium Adding, Voltage, and Time

Electrocoagulation Process as a Consolidated Technology in the Treatment of Industrial Effluents and as a Promising Process in the Treatment of Effluents Generated by Car Washes: A Brief Review

Učinkovitost obrade elektrokoagulacije kombinirane s različitim veličinama čestica prirodnog zeolita

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