Evaluation of PCB and Hexachlorobenzene Biota–sediment Accumulation Factors Based on Ingested Sediment in a Deposit-Feeding Clam

Abstract

Abstract-Contaminated sediment exposure experiments were conducted using a marine deposit-feeding clam (Macoma nasuta) to determine biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) based on ingested sediment and fecal organic carbon. Internal, or gut, BSAFs were determined for hexachlorobenzene and 13 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and were compared to those found with the standard method of calculating BSAFs, which uses the organic carbon and contaminant concentration of the whole or external sediment. The results of these experiments indicated that gut BSAFs were consistently smaller and less variable across sediment types than the corresponding standard BSAFs. Although these results indicate that using ingested sediment concentrations and fecal total organic carbon to calculate gut BSAFs might improve the predictive ability of the standard BSAF model, the benefit is small when compared to the difficulty in measuring the contaminant concentration on ingested sediment and the organic carbon content of feces.

Determining Steady-state Tissue Residues for Invertebrates in Contaminated Sediment

“…An additional study by Drouillard et al (2008) For N. virens, the 28-d and steady-state BSAFs were similar among congeners and between the Arthur Kill and Newark Bay sediment exposures ( Figure 16). The BSAFs obtained in this study were lower overall compared to previously reported values (0.19-1.41) (Pruell et al 1993 Ferraro et al 1990Ferraro et al , 1991Brannon et al 1993;Pruell et al 1993;Boese et al 1995Boese et al , 1996. Overall, the BSAFs obtained in this study for M. nasuta were lower compared to previously reported values.…”

“…For 2,3,7,8-TCDD, a factor of four has been suggested to adjust 28-d N. virens tissue residues to the steady-state concentration used in risk estimations while a factor of one (i.e., no correction) is used for the clam M. nasuta based on data from Pruell et al (1990). More recent work (e.g., Boese et al 1995Boese et al , 1996Boese et al , 1997 reports a longer time period required for M. nasuta to reach steady state, implying that a correction factor greater than 1 is warranted. This report presents evidence that these correction factors are not necessarily applicable.…”

Accumulation pattern of heavy metals in marine organisms collected from a coal burning power plant area of Malacca Strait

“…This finding suggests that A. granosa is a potential indicator for pollution in a marine environment. In a previous study, it was found that molluscs have the potential to be used as bio-indicators for the contamination of Cd and Zn in water and sediment of an estuarine environment 14 and it was proposed as a simple model for predicting the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated natural organic contaminants by in faunal invertebrates [59][60][61] . Heavy metal BSAF in Perna viridis reflects the degree of industrialization and population density in coastal areas of Hong Kong 62 .…”

Model of PAH and PCB bioaccumulation in Mya arenaria and application for site assessment in conjunction with sediment quality screening criteria

“…This may occur because the uptake clearance from water is greater than for sediment Landrum 1989. Contaminant concentrations in filter feeders and deposit-feeders are unaffected by digestive processes or passage through the gut Boese et al 1996.…”