Evaluation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm for winter hardiness in Central Anatolia, Turkey, using field and controlled environment

Abstract

Homer A., Şahin M., Küçüközdemir Ü. (2016): Evaluation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm for winter hardiness in Central Anatolia, Turkey, using field and controlled environment. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 52: 55-63.Winter pea can be grown in rotation with cereal crops in Central Anatolia, Turkey. However, winterkill can occur during harsh winters. The objective of this study was to screen pea accessions for winter survival, and identify genotypes with differential winter hardiness for future crop development. The plant material consisted of 58 accessions including local landraces, elite winter cultivars, selected lines and several checks. Twenty-five of them were evaluated under both field and laboratory conditions. The rest of the genotypes were tested under field conditions. Field trials were planted in Haymana, Ankara, and in Ulaş, Sivas, Turkey during the autumn of 2014. Winter hardiness was evaluated as the percentage of surviving plants. Differential survival of genotypes was observed at both locations. On average, the survival rate was lower in Ulaş (54.8%) than in Haymana (67.8%), and ranged between 1.5 and 100%. Turkish landraces TR 79404 (88.6%), TR 79407 (88.5%) and TR 80194 (84.8%) had survival percentages comparable with the three winter-hardy checks (Turkish cvs. Taşkent (90.0%) and Özkaynak (85.0%), US cv. Melrose (94.7%)). Twelve single plants were selected from these populations for future cultivar development. The European and US accessions, included in the trials for their previously reported winter hardiness, showed high levels of winter hardiness, and could be used in breeding programs. In the laboratory, no plants survived at -12°C and -16°C three weeks following the freezing test. Screening at -8°C generated differential survival among winter genotypes. Significant positive correlations (r = 0.67-0.87, P < 0.001) were found between the test environments for the percent survival.

Marker-trait association analysis of frost tolerance of 672 worldwide pea (Pisum sativum L.) collections

“…It is worth nothing that one of the winter-hardy accessions PI 269818 from England was previously reported as winter-hardy in winter hardy evaluation study in the USA more than 30 years ago 23 . It has been proved that multi-location and multi-year experiments can be mutual verification and provide more robust phenotyping data for further studies 16 , 20 , 34 . Therefore, these winter-hardy germplasms screened in this study can be used in future MAS breeding programs.…”

“…To overcome the frost damage to pea production in winter, some literature on winter hardiness in pea have been struck in previous studies. Field pea was found to exhibit a moderate freezing tolerance with a LT 50 (temperature that kills 50% of seedlings) of −4.5 °C comparing with some forage legumes 18 , while some winter hardy cultivars of pea were found to be able to adapt to a temperature range between −8 to −12 °C 20 , 23 . Moreover, breeding efforts were given to the development of some winter hardy pea cultivars that have already been utilized in the temperate regions of Europe and the USA 21 , 24 – 26 .…”

“…However, severe frost damage in winter or early spring that occurs at the seedling stage may cause high rate of seedling death and much production decrease 18 , 19 . Thus, studies on frost tolerance and breeding for winter-hardy cultivars play fundamental roles in the stable increase of pea production 20 – 23 .…”

“…Moreover, breeding efforts were given to the development of some winter hardy pea cultivars that have already been utilized in the temperate regions of Europe and the USA 21 , 24 – 26 . Recently, winter hardiness was evaluated for a limited 58 accessions of pea germplasm under both field and laboratory conditions in Turkey, and identified genotypes with differential survival at −8 °C among which the higher level of winter hardiness were selected for future cultivar development 20 . Meanwhile, a large-scale evaluation of 3,672 pea germplasm for cold tolerance was conducted in the field in China and found that genotypes from winter production regions showed a higher level of cold tolerance than those from spring production regions and identified a collection of genetic resources for cold-tolerance of pea in China 22 .…”

Yem Bezelyesinin Çimlenme ve Fide Özellikleri Üzerine Düşük Sıcaklık ve Ekim Tarihlerinin Etkileri

“…Winter-resistant or -tolerant varieties of forage peas are important in winter cultivation as primer crops, especially during bare periods between the cycles of two main crops. On that topic, researchers have investigated the effects of low temperatures on different pea genotypes at different developmental stages under controlled conditions in laboratories (Bourion et al, 2003;Sincik et al, 2005;Raveneau et al, 2011), under field conditions (Kadıoğlu and Tan, 2014;Homer et al, 2016;Karaköy et al, 2016;Davies and Pham, 2017), and under controlled conditions in both a greenhouse and a laboratory (Shafiq et al, 2012). Nevertheless, the responses of different forage pea genotypes to low temperatures should also be determined under field and laboratory conditions in different ecological conditions.…”